Network Water Quality at a Hospital Center in Morocco: Bacteriological Survey and Relationship with Human Health

Abstract

Water is mandatory for the functioning of hospitals. Its consumption varies from one service to another, and its use can reduce the service quality on one hand and presents a major risk of nosocomial infection on the other hand. The health risks related to the use of water in hospitals are mostly microbiological, but sometimes they can be chemical. For this reason, the conducted work aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the quality and bacteriological efficiency of the network water of the provincial hospital center IBN BAJA in Taza, Northeast Morocco. During one year, 72 samples were analyzed in six surgery departments, one sample per month for each ward at a rate of six samples per month and per department. The results obtained showed that the water quality of the hospital network was in conformity with the requirements of the Moroccan standards. Nonetheless, some bacterial strains such as Aeromonas salmonicida spp salmonicida, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas luteola, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Stenotrophonomas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia and Micrococcus luteus, which constitute a major risk to human health, were found. Moreover, after sensitivity evaluation to the twenty-seven antibiotics, some strains have been shown to be multi-resistant, which can present a major risk of nosocomial infections in the studied hospital for human beings.

Antivirale und viruzide Eigenschaften von ätherischen Ölen und ihren isolierten Verbindungen – Stand der präklinischen Forschung

“…viruzide Substanzen zu gewinnen, die eine Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 verhindern oder zumindest abschwächen können. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden zahlreiche Extrakte und isolierte Einzelsubstanzen aus Arzneipflanzen in vitro auf ihre potenziellen antiviralen Eigenschaften untersucht, so auch zahlreiche ätherische Öle und einzelne Ätherisch-Öl-Verbindungen 28 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 .…”

Pollution Risks in Drinking Water Distribution Network of a Healthcare Facility in Tiaret, Algeria

“…Bicarbonate ions in groundwater derived from the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere, carbon dioxide in the soil and the dissolution of carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite (Hussain et al, 2021). The pH levels in the samples collected inside the hospital building were always within (Flouchi et al, 2021) optimum range (6.5 -8.5). Electrical conductivity (EC) of water is also an important parameter for water quality because it is a useful indicator of mineralization and salinity in samples.…”

“…Water can carry many germs, sometimes causing serious infections in patients and health professionals, and drinking water should normally be free of bacteria (Flouchi et al, 2021). Water contamination not only occurs during processing but also due to how and where they were stored, the microbes in the water can proliferate to an amount that can become pathogenic.…”

“…When control of the microbiological safety of water systems cannot be achieved throughout the system by maintaining temperatures, additional control strategies should be considered to reduce the risk of waterborne infection (Maynardand Whapham, 2020). The water use varies depending on different utilizations, and according to the health care units for which it is intended (Flouchi et al, 2021). E. coli are present in the intestine of men and animals and are released into the environment in fecal material.…”

Impact of Irrigation Water on Heavy Metal Content in Irrigated Soils and Plants – Spatial and Vertical Distribution

“…As a result, wastewater reuse can add valuable plant nutrients and organic matter to the soil (Liu et al, 2005). On the other hand, wastewater effluent reuse for agriculture is a potential health and environmental risk associated with it and thus a major risk to human health (Kumar et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2016;Flouchi et al, 2021). Parmi les composants des eaux usées à risque figurent les métaux lourds.…”