It is essential to monitor the evolution of pollutants including heavy metals found in water intended for irrigation. Since they have a crucial impact on living beings. In this study, the contents of heavy metals were analyzed by ICP-AES on the three levels of irrigation water, soil and plants (olive tree and cardoon) and those in four different terrains. The Cd, Cu and Pd found in the water of the downstream Oued Fès and the treated wastewater are out of the norm. We found Pd in higher concentrations in both plants. For Cu it is more assimilated by the olive tree. Regarding the soil, the content of Cr is very high in the plot irrigated by water from Oued Fès located downstream and less high in the plot irrigated by treated wastewater. The cardoon of this last plot present an increased concentration in Cr more than the others. These variations depend on the type of plants and their different characteristics of absorption according also to the accumulation of metals in the soil adding also anthropic factors.
Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources that is overexploited and extensively polluted by human activity. Furthermore, drinking this dirty water might have major consequences for human health. Before using groundwater, it is consequently required to conduct a precise and regular assessment of its quality. Furthermore, for five monitoring stations in the Khemisset-Tiflet region, cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and a fuzzy logic technique were utilized to analyze water quality. The CA classified the sample sites into three categories. The PCA identified temporal characteristics of water quality status. Group I include stations characterized by high temperature and low DO, COD, and BOD5 values. Group II includes stations characterized by high values of pH and low concentrations of NO 3 -, Cl -, SO 4 2and turbidity. Group III includes stations characterized by high concentrations of NO 3 -, Cl -, SO 4 2and turbidity and low concentrations of pH. In addition, fuzzy logic to reveal more information about groundwater quality. In effect, water quality in spring and winter was the best; the parameters responsible for the deterioration of water quality are NO 3 -, Cl -, SO 4 2and turbidity.
In response to food needs and the growing desire to exploit local food, urban and peri-urban agriculture is meeting these needs by producing vegetables, fruits and other foods in cities and their suburbs. In addition to the increasing need for water due to droughts, this agriculture provides wastewater (WW) and treated wastewater (TWW) that is used for irrigation. This study was conducted to compare urban irrigation water: water from Oued Fez upstream and well water. As well as peri-urban irrigation water: water from Oued Fez downstream considered as WW and TWW from the treatment plant of the city of Fez. These in comparison with the rural irrigation waters: waters of Oued Bitit. The microorganisms investigated are total and thermotolerant coliforms, helminth eggs, Salmonella and cholera vibrio. The study took into account the transfer of these pathogenic bacteria at the level of soils and cultivated plants, cardoon and eggplant. The results showed a contamination out of national and international standards of the two types of coliforms that it is in winter or in summer in the TWW, WW, the water of Oued Fez and the water of wells located upstream of the city. This fecal contamination was found in soils and crops irrigated by urban and peri-urban water. The same was true for helminth eggs, but the number of eggs was greater in winter than in summer for soils. Cholera Vibrio was present in the different types of irrigation water in summer. But still in winter in WW and TWW. This bacterium was also present in soils, cardoons and eggplants irrigated by WW, TWW and Oued Fez waters upstream. Salmonella was present only in the TWW in summer. Only the plot irrigated with water from Oued Bitit in the rural zone was within the norms on the three levels of irrigated water, soil and plants and in both periods.
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