Network Dynamics of Attention During a Naturalistic Behavioral Paradigm

Abstract

This study investigates the dynamics of attention during continuous, naturalistic interactions in a video game. Specifically, the effect of repeated distraction on a continuous primary task is related to a functional model of network connectivity. We introduce the Non-linear Attentional Saturation Hypothesis (NASH), which predicts that effective connectivity within attentional networks increases non-linearly with decreasing distraction over time, and exhibits dampening at critical parameter values. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected using a naturalistic behavioral paradigm coupled with an interactive video game is used to test the hypothesis. As predicted, connectivity in pre-defined regions corresponding to attentional networks increases as distraction decreases. Moreover, the functional relationship between connectivity and distraction is convex, that is, network connectivity somewhat increases as distraction decreases during the continuous primary task, however, connectivity increases considerably as distraction falls below critical levels. This result characterizes the non-linear pattern of connectivity within attentional networks, particularly with respect to their dynamics during behavior. These results are also summarized in the form of a network structure analysis, which underscores the role of various nodes in regulating the global network state. In conclusion, we situate the implications of this research in the context of cognitive complexity and an emerging theory of flow during media exposure.

Peripheral-physiological and neural correlates of the flow experience while playing video games: a comprehensive review

“…These considerations led to an interesting line of research using dual-task paradigms to indirectly measure electrophysiological correlates of the flow experience (see Table 4 ). Secondary-task reaction times were suggested as reliable and valid measures of available attentional resources ( Weber et al, 2018 ).…”

Virtual Reality for Communication Neuroscience

“…VR has been part of the behavioral research landscape for decades, although its widespread adoption has been much more recent. We can use VR to study a wide range of cognitive functions, including spatial cognition (Hardiess et al, 2015), skill learning and expertise (Thompson et al, 2013), social connectivity (Tarr et al, 2018), cognitive performance and training (Bohil et al, 2011), and attention (Weber et al, 2018). It is easy to see the advantages of using VR in an experimental context, as VR also provides a high-resolution, multimodal stimulus with good ecological validity (Bohil et al, 2011;Reggente et al, 2018).…”

Peer Review #1 of "Peripheral-physiological and neural correlates of the flow experience while playing video games: a comprehensive review (v0.1)"

“…These considerations led to an interesting line of research using dual-task paradigms to indirectly measure electrophysiological correlates of the flow experience (see Table 4). Secondary-task reaction times were suggested as reliable and valid measures of available attentional resources (Weber, Alicea, Huskey, & Mathiak, 2018).…”