Net energy content of rice bran, defatted rice bran, corn gluten feed, and corn germ meal fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry1

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of increased fiber content in diets on heat production (HP) and NE:ME ratio and to determine the NE content and NE:ME ratio of full-fat rice bran (FFRB), defatted rice bran (DFRB), corn gluten feed (CGF), and corn germ meal (CGM) fed to growing barrows using indirect calorimetry (IC). Thirty growing barrows (28.5 ± 2.4 kg BW) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 5 dietary treatments that included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 4 experimental diets with a constant ratio of corn and soybean meal (difference method) containing 30% FFRB, DFRB, CGF, and CGF. Pigs were housed in individual metabolism crates for 20 d including 14-d adaptation to the diet and 6 d to determine the HP and total collection of feces and urine in respiration chambers. Pigs were fed their respective diets at 550 kcal ME•kg BW 0.60−1 •d −1 on the basis of BW measured on days 0, 7, and 14. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, GE, and OM were greater (P < 0.01) in pigs fed the basal diet. The ATTD of DM, GE, and OM in pigs fed the DFRB diet were lesser (P < 0.01) when compared with those fed the basal and FFRB diets. The ATTD of ether extract (EE) in pigs fed the FFRB diet was greater (P < 0.01) compared with those fed basal, DFRB, CGF, and CGM diets. The HP adjusted for the same ME intake was greater (P < 0.01) in pigs fed the DFRB, CGF, and CGM diets compared with those fed basal and FFRB diets. The NE:ME ratio in pigs fed the FFRB diet was greater (P < 0.01) when compared with those fed the DFRB, CGF, and CGM diets. The NE content of FFRB, DFRB, CGF, and CGM determined using the IC method were 2,952, 1,100, 1,747, and 2,079 kcal/ kg DM, respectively. The NE content of FFRB, CGF, and CGM determined using the IC method were 3.5%, 3.8%, and 1.8% greater, respectively, than the predicted values, whereas NE content of DFRB determined using the IC method was 2.1% lower than the predicted values. In conclusion, pigs fed the fiber-rich ingredients had greater HP and lower nutrient digestibility. However, pigs fed FFRB diets containing greater fat content had a lower heat increment and, therefore, higher utilization efficiency. The NE:ME ratio ranged from 71.6% to 82.4%. The NE of FFRB, DFRB, CGF, and CGM determined using the IC method were 2,952, 1,100, 1,747, and 2,079 kcal/kg DM, respectively.

Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

“…However, physical activity was not measured in this study. The value for FHP (787 kJ/kg BW 0.6 /d) is similar to our previous work (Zhang et al., ; Li, Li, et al., ; Li, Lv, et al., ; Lyu, Huang, et al., 2018; Lyu, Li, et al., 2018) and was not affected by dietary treatment, which is consistent with the results of Velayudhan, Heo, and Nyachoti () and Heo, Adewole, and Nyachoti ().…”

“…The ME:DE ratio in experimental diets was within the range of values previously reported (Huang et al., ; Li, Li, et al., ; Lyu, Huang, et al., 2018; Lyu, Li, et al., 2018; Velayudhan et al., ). The NE:ME ratio in the diets was in agreement with data from Kim and Nyachoti () but was greater than the value reported by Noblet et al.…”

“…Le Bellego, van Milgen, Dubois, and Noblet () and Lyu, Li, et al. () reported that the nitrogen retention was not affected by dietary treatment when sufficient AA (AA balance) were offered. Zervas and Zijlstra () and Bindelle et al.…”

“…Among these energy values, the digestible energy (DE) or metabolizable energy (ME) will overestimate the energy values of fiber‐rich feeds, whereas the net energy (NE) system provides energy values of ingredients and diets that most closely describes the available energy to pigs because it takes the heat increment from digestive utilization and metabolism of feeds into account (Noblet & van Milgen, ). In previous studies, the NE of sugar beet pulp, soybean hulls, rice bran, defatted rice bran, corn gluten feed, and corn germ meal have been determined (Lyu, Huang, et al., ; Lyu, Li, et al., ). This fills the gap in the NE determination of these ingredients.…”

Net energy content of five fiber‐rich ingredients fed to pregnant sows

“…In National Research Council (NRC, ), there is only one NE value of each ingredient calculated according to the prediction equation using data of growing pigs (Noblet, Fortune, Shi, & Dubois, ). To date, NE values of several fiber‐rich ingredients have been determined using growing pigs (Jaworski, Liu, Li, & Stein, ; Lyu, Li, Liu, et al, ; Stewart, Kil, Hinson, Beaulieu, & Allee, ). However, NE value of fiber‐rich ingredients in adult sows is scare.…”