Net energy content of five fiber‐rich ingredients fed to pregnant sows

Wang, Zhenyu; Chen, Yifan; Ding, Jun; Liu, Hu; Lyu, Zhiqian; Dong, Wenxu; Wang, Zijie; Zhang, Shuai; Wang, Fenglai

doi:10.1111/asj.13211

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…In this study, mobilization of BP and BL of sows fed OPT (64 and 377 g/d, respectively) and CON (28 and 106 g/d, respectively) was quantified. Our BP mobilization values are in the range reported by Pedersen et al [17] (i.e., 28 to 64 g/d vs. 20 to 40 g/d) for sows fed CP diets ranging from 146 to 186 g/kg, but those for BL were noticeably lower (i.e., 106 to 377 g/d vs. 800 to 820 g/d). It is unclear whether estimation of BL and BP mobilization by Pedersen et al [18] was associated with water or not.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows

Zhang¹,

Johnson²,

Qiao³

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background: The study objective was to test the hypothesis that 1) lowering dietary crude protein (CP) increases dietary energetic efficiency and reduces metabolic heat associated with lactation, and 2) excessive dietary leucine (Leu) supplementation in a low CP diet decreases dietary energetic efficiency and increases metabolic heat associated with lactation. Methods: Fifty-four lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 3 isocaloric diets (10.80 MJ/kg net energy): 1) control (CON; 18.75% CP), 2) reduced CP with a near ideal or optimal AA profile (OPT; 13.75% CP) and 3) diet OPT with excessive Leu (OPTLEU; 14.25% CP). Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on day 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on day 1, 4, 8, 14, 18, and 21 of lactation. Energy balance was measured on sows during early (day 4 to 8) and peak (day 14 to18) lactation, and milk was sampled on day 8 and 18. Results: Over 21-day lactation, sows fed OPT lost body weight and body lipid (P < 0.05). In peak lactation, sows fed OPT had higher milk energy output (P < 0.05) than CON. Sows fed OPTLEU tended (P = 0.07) to have less milk energy output than OPT and did not differ from CON. Maternal energy retention was lower (P < 0.05) in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON sows, and did not differ between OPTLEU and OPT sows. Sows fed OPT had higher (P < 0.05) apparent energy efficiency for milk production compared to CON. Heat production associated with lactation was lower (P < 0.05) or tended to be lower (P = 0.082), respectively, in OPT and OPTLEU compared to CON sows. Conclusion: The OPT diet, in peak lactation, improved dietary energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss, and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization. Leucine supplementation above requirement may reduce dietary energy utilization for lactation by decreasing the energy partitioning towards milk, partially explaining the effectiveness of OPT diet over CON diets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The NE for maintenance was calculated based on fasting heat production of sows fed corn-soybean meal basal diet by Wang et al [17] as follows:…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows

Zhang¹,

Johnson²,

Qiao³

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…The high-fiber ingredients used in this experiment were SBP and DFRB, which have a big difference in dietary fiber content [31]. In the present experiment, the components of GE, TDF, IDF, and SDF in SBP and DFRB were within the range of reported content in these feed ingredients [19,31,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. The results showed that a high-fiber ingredient (SBP and DFRB) formulated in diets could decrease the DE, ME, and ATTD of GE and most nutrients, and these results were consistent with previous studies [7][8][9]44,45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of Collection Durations on the Determination of Energy Values and Nutrient Digestibility of High-Fiber Diets in Growing Pigs by Total Fecal Collection Method

Liu

Zhong

Chen

et al. 2020

Animals

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of collection durations on the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets in growing pigs with a time-based total fecal collection method. A total of 24 barrows (body weight (BW): 31.1 ± 1.5 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with three diets. Diets included a corn–soybean meal (CSM) basal diet and two additional diets containing 20% sugar beet pulp (SBP) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) by replacing corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil in the CSM diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to eight barrows for a 7-day adaptation period followed by a 7-day total feces and urine collection period. The 7-day collection duration was divided into three collection phases, namely, phase 1 (days 8 to 11), phase 2 (days 11 to 13), and phase 3 (days 13 to 15). Then, similar portions of feces and urine from the different collection phases were composited into three additional samples (days 8 to 11, days 8 to 13, and days 8 to 15, respectively). The results showed that the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrient in experimental diets decreased linearly as the collection durations increased from a 3-day to a 7-day collection (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the energy values, GE, and nutrient digestibility of diets and of high-fiber ingredients between the 5-day and 7-day collection durations. In conclusion, this study suggests that a 5-day collection duration is adequate to determine the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets containing SBP or DFRB in growing pigs by the time-based total fecal collection method.

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“…The respiratory quotient (RQ = CO 2 output: O 2 input) values in this study (supplementary Tables 3 and 6) remained close to 1 throughout lactation, indicating that dietary carbohydrates were serving as primary oxidative substrate [34], and that sows were not in severe negative energy balance. A RQ close to 1 was also previously reported at fed state in growing pigs [10,23,35,36], gestating sows [27,37] and lactating sows [12,24,27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effect of dietary near ideal amino acid profile on heat production of lactating sows exposed to thermal neutral and heat stress conditions

Zhang

Johnson

Trottier

2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background: Reduced protein diet manifested potential to mitigate heat production based on the concept of ideal amino acid profile. The hypothesis of this study was that lactating sows fed a low crude protein (LCP) diet with supplemental amino acid produce less heat compared to those fed a high crude protein (HCP) diet under both thermal neutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions. Methods: Thirty-two lactating sows were allotted to HCP (193 g CP/kg) and LCP (140 g CP/kg) diets under thermal neutral (TN, 21 ± 1.5°C) or cycling heat stress (HS, 32 ± 1.5°C daytime and 24 ± 1.5°C nighttime) conditions. Diets contained 0.90% SID lysine and 10.8 MJ/kg net energy. Positive pressure indirect calorimeters were used to measure gas exchange in individual sows with litters, and individual piglets on days 4, 8, 14 and 18. Sow and litter weights were recorded on days 1, 10 and 21. Results: Sow total heat production (THP) was calculated by subtracting litter THP from sow + litter THP based on BW 0.75. Sow BW and body protein (BP) loss was greater for LCP diet compared to HCP diet in peak lactation (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and throughout the entire lactation period (P < 0.05 and P = 0.056, respectively) under HS conditions. Heat-stressed sows fed HCP diet had higher (P < 0.05) rectal temperature at 13:00 (P < 0.05) and 19:00 (P < 0.01), and higher respiration rate at 07:00 (P < 0.05), 13:00 (P < 0.05) and 19:00 (P < 0.05) compared to TN sows fed HCP diet. In sows fed LCP diet, those under HS tended to have higher (P = 0.098) rectal temperature at 13:00 and had higher (P < 0.05) respiration rate at 07:00, 13:00 and 19:00 compared to TN sows. The relationship between daily THP and days in lactation of sows fed LCP diet was quadratic (P < 0.05), with an ascending trend until day 14 and a descending trend from days 14 to 18. Sows fed LCP diet had lower daily THP at day 18 (P < 0.001) compared to those fed the HCP diet under HS conditions. Conclusion: Reduction in THP in sows fed LCP diet was largely associated with THP on day 18 of lactation under HS conditions. Feeding LCP diets alleviated the increased body temperature in sows under HS conditions throughout lactation, which was accompanied by a reduction in respiration rate. Total heat production is associated with days in lactation, in particular under HS conditions with THP appearing to peak between days 14 and 18.

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Net energy content of five fiber‐rich ingredients fed to pregnant sows

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows

Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows

Effects of Collection Durations on the Determination of Energy Values and Nutrient Digestibility of High-Fiber Diets in Growing Pigs by Total Fecal Collection Method

Effect of dietary near ideal amino acid profile on heat production of lactating sows exposed to thermal neutral and heat stress conditions

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