“Nervous Distemper” in Dogs

Hurst, E. Weston; Cooke, Barbara Ternent; Melvin, P.

doi:10.1038/icb.1943.14

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Além disso, outro fator que pode ter contribuído para dificultar a visualização macroscópica da malacia nesses casos foi a ausência de hemorragia, já que lesões hemorrágicas, como as que são vistas em associação com outros tipos de encefalite em várias espécies animais, são mais facilmente perceptíveis ao exame macroscópico (Innes & Saunders 1962). Com relação à distribuição das lesões de cinomose no SNC, todas as regiões anatômicas examinadas do encéfalo (cerebelo, ponte, mesencéfalo, diencéfalo, hipocampo e lobos frontal, parietal, temporal, piriforme e occipital) e da medula espinhal (cervical cranial [C1-C5], cervicotorácica [C6-T2], toracolombar [T3-L3] e lombossacra [L4-S3]) apresentaram lesão, o que confirma o caráter multifocal da cinomose, um aspecto evidenciado desde os primeiros estudos histopatológicos acerca dessa doença (Perdrau & Pugh 1930, Hurst et al 1943, MacIntyre et al 1948, Innes 1949, Koprowski et al 1950, Trevan 1952, Ribelin 1953, Lauder et al 1954, Gillespie & Rickard 1956). Entretanto, independentemente do tipo de lesão, o encéfalo foi afetado aproximadamente 1,4 vezes mais do que a medula espinhal (91,4% versus 66,7%), demonstrando que embora cinomose seja considerada uma doença que cursa com lesão multifocal no SNC, a maior parte das lesões ocorre no encéfalo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Pesquisas sobre cinomose, abrangendo aspectos como etiologia, epidemiologia, patogenia, patologia, imunologia e técnicas de diagnóstico são realizadas há mais de dois séculos, entretanto, estudos neuro-histopatológicos completos da cinomose são escassos e antigos, pois foram realizados principalmente nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 (Perdrau & Pugh 1930, Hurst et al 1943, MacIntyre et al 1948, Innes 1949, Koprowski et al 1950, Trevan 1952, Ribelin 1953, Lauder et al 1954, Gillespie & Rickard 1956). Estudos neuro-histopatológicos recentes são ainda mais incomuns (Koutinas et al 2002, Gebara et al 2004, Amude et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Vários neuropatologistas têm compilado os resultados de alguns desses estudos e os publicaram como parte de capítulos de livros (Innes & Saunders 1962, Chrisman 1985, Caswell & Williams 2007, Maxie & Youssef 2007. Mesmo assim, com certa freqüência, estudos neuro-histopatológicos sobre cinomose apresentam limitações, como: (1) ausência do exame da medula espinhal (Gillespie & Rickard 1956, Gebara et al 2004, (2) pequeno número de fragmentos examinados, geralmente incluindo apenas o cerebelo ou o cerebelo e o córtex telencefálico (Koprowski et al 1950, Gillespie & Rickard 1956, Gebara et al 2004, (3) falta de especificação das regiões anatô-micas do sistema nervoso central (SNC) estudadas (MacIntyre et al 1948) e (4) pequeno número de cães utilizados, que varia entre quatro (Hurst et al 1943) e 50 (Lauder et al 1954), mas geralmente não excede 20 indivíduos (Koprowski et al 1950, Gillespie & Rickard 1956, Koutinas et al 2002, Amude et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Neuropatologia da cinomose canina: 70 casos (2005-2008)

et al. 2009

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643Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(8):643-652, agosto 2009 RESUMO.-Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação anátomo-patológica detalhada das lesões e sua distribuição no sistema nervoso central (SNC) de cães com cinomose. Foram avaliadas secções padronizadas do encéfalo e da medula espinhal de 70 cães. Os casos foram agrupados de acordo com a idade dos cães e classificados conforme a evolução das lesões. Os resultados permitem concluir que: (1) encefalomielite induzida pelo vírus da cinomose canina é mais prevalente em filhotes e adultos; (2) lesões macroscópicas no SNC ocorrem com baixa freqüência; (3) o encéfalo é mais acometido do que a medula espinhal; (4) as cinco regiões anatômicas mais afetadas do encéfalo são, em ordem decrescente de freqüência, o cerebelo, o diencéfalo, o lobo frontal, a ponte e o mesencéfalo; (5) a região anatômica mais afetada da medula espinhal é o segmento cervical cranial (C1-C5); (6) lesões subagudas e crônicas são mais comuns do que lesões agudas; (7) desmielinização é a lesão mais prevalente e ocorre principalmente no cerebelo, na ponte e no diencéfalo, quase sempre acompanhada de astrogliose e inflamação não-supurativa; (8) The current study was performed to determine the pathology and distribution of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) of 70 dogs naturally affected by canine distemper. Cases were grouped according to the age of the dogs and classified according to the evolution of the lesions. It was possibly to conclude that: (1) the encephalomyelitis induced by canine distemper virus is more prevalent in puppies and adults; (2) gross lesions in the CNS occur infrequently; (3) the brain is more frequently affected than the spinal cord; (4) the five anatomical sites of the rain more frequently affected are, in decreasing order of frequency, cerebellum, diencephalon, frontal lobe of telencephalon, pons and mesencephalon; (5) the anatomical site more frequently affected in the spinal cord is the cervical (C1-C5) segment; (6) subacute and chronic lesions are more common than acute ones; (7) demyelization is the more prevalent lesion and occur mainly in the cerebellum, pons and diencephalons, usually associated with astrogliosis and nonsuppurative inflammation; (8) in most cases with astrogliosis, gemistocytic astrocytes are observed, frequently with syncitia formation; (9) non-suppurative leptomeningitis, malacia and cortical neuronal necrosis are moderately frequent in the brain and less so in the spinal cord; (10) inclusion bodies are frequent in the brain; occur mainly in astrocytes and less frequently in neurons, however independently of the affected cell they occur mainly in the nucleus; (11) a classification of canine distemper encephalitis based in age-related clinical syndromes it is not accurate.INDEX TERMS: Diseases of dogs, neuropathology, canine distemper.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

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Neuropatologia da cinomose canina: 70 casos (2005-2008)

et al. 2009

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“…The lesions in the nervous form of canine distemper have been studied by a number of authors (7). Judging from the descriptions in the literature, they are accompanied by severe myelin destruction, both in brain and cord, and thus bear resemblance to JHM lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Murine Virus (Jhm) Causing Disseminated Encephalomyelitis With Extensive Destruction of Myelin

Bailey

Pappenheimer

Cheever

et al. 1949

Journal of Experimental Medicine

189

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A description has been given of the pathologic changes produced experimentally in animals by the inoculation of a virus material obtained from a mouse with spontaneous encephalomyelitis. The most distinctive feature of the lesions in the central nervous system is the widespread destruction of myelin. Giant cells derived from a variety of tissue elements characterize the early lesions. The liver in the majority of cases is the seat of focal necrosis. In some mice, infected with large doses by the intravenous route, there is produced massive necrosis of the liver, with fat infiltration and calcification. Giant cells are occasionally found in lymphatic tissue, but no significant changes were noted in other organs. Inclusions or elementary bodies were not demonstrated in the lesions. Similar lesions were produced by the inoculation of mouse virus into hamsters. In rats, the lesions were of a more chronic character. The relation of this disease to other demyelinating diseases of man and animals is discussed.

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“…The onset and duration of aspirin concentration in the blood can be correlated with analgetic relief and this action may be expressed mainly b y ~-the unhydrolyzed acetylated fraction in the plasma (1, 2). Aspirin can cause gastric irritation, nausea, and even gastrointestinal bleeding in a considerable number of people (3)(4)(5)(6). Disturbances from acetylsalicylic acid are reported t o be less serious than from salicylic acid ( i ) , and anlioyances of the former have been ascribed to the immediate area surrounding particles (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Physical Chemical Evidence for Aspirin Anhydride as a Superior Form for the Oral Administration of Aspirin

Garrett

1959

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific

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“Nervous Distemper” in Dogs

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Neuropatologia da cinomose canina: 70 casos (2005-2008)

Neuropatologia da cinomose canina: 70 casos (2005-2008)

A Murine Virus (Jhm) Causing Disseminated Encephalomyelitis With Extensive Destruction of Myelin

The Physical Chemical Evidence for Aspirin Anhydride as a Superior Form for the Oral Administration of Aspirin

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