NEPTUNE Canada: Installation and initial operation of the world’s first regional cabled ocean observatory

Barnes, Chris; Best, Mairi; Johnson, F.; Pirenne, B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11374-1_16

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Samples were collected from the methane seep habitats at Clayoquot Slope (48 • 40 ′ 15 ′′ N, 126 • 50 ′ 52 ′′ W; depth: 1250 m), a site within the long-term seafloor monitoring sites of Ocean Networks Canada's (ONC) NEPTUNE cabled observatory (Barnes et al, 2010). Sampling occurred during two of ONC's yearly maintenance cruises with ROV Jason aboard R/V TG Thompson (Cruise TN328, Sept 2015), and ROV Hercules aboard E/V Nautilus (Cruise NA071, May-June 2016).…”

Section: Study Site and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flipping for Food: The Use of a Methane Seep by Tanner Crabs (Chionoecetes tanneri)

2019

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Methane seep habitats are widespread chemosynthesis-based ecosystems that span continental margins and interact with surrounding marine systems. With many of these habitats occurring below 200 m, seeps can serve as an important source of nutrients in otherwise food limited deep-sea environments. However, the potential for marauding megafauna to assimilate seep derived nutrition has been difficult to quantify. Here, we provide the first evidence of a commercially harvested species, Chionoecetes tanneri (tanner crab), assimilating chemosynthetic production. Although bulk isotope analysis of C. tanneri tissue indicated no quantifiable incorporation of seep-derived carbon or sulfur (mean δ 13 C, −18.5‰; mean δ 34 S, 19.5‰), depletions in 13 C (δ 13 C as light as −38.8‰) were noted in fatty acid (FA) compounds. In addition, diagnostic biomarkers for seep bacteria, including 16:1ω6 and 18:1ω8c FA's, were found to have been assimilated by C. tanneri. Futher supporting a trophic link between the seep and the C. tanneri, seep associated bacteria and archaea were, in certain cases, the dominant taxa in the gut contents of the crabs. This work provides the first insights into a link between seep production and deep-sea ecosystem services, specifically fisheries production. In addition, it reveals a methodological bias that could exist in some trophic studies where bulk isotopes under-represent the role of seep nutrition in the diet of marauding animals.

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Section: Study Site and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flipping for Food: The Use of a Methane Seep by Tanner Crabs (Chionoecetes tanneri)

2019

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“…Modern fiber-optic cables, capable of delivering power and high bandwidth, have been used as part of dedicated sustained cabled observatories to obtain data on complex ocean systems beyond what is available from conventional methods, such as research vessels and fixed buoys (Favali et al, 2010). The first such cabled observatories were the 2006 coastal VENUS system (Tunnicliffe et al, 2008) and the regional NEPTUNE observatory operational in 2009 (Barnes et al, 2015;Best et al, 2015), now within Ocean Networks Canada (ONC). Similar observatories, tailored to national, scientific, and geographical needs, have included Japan -DONET and S-net (Kawaguchi et al, 2015;Kanazawa et al, 2016), United States -Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and others (Massion and Raybould, 2006;Kelley et al, 2014;Howe et al, 2015), China (Lu et al, 2015), and Europe (Best et al, 2014;Person et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Smart Cables Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first decade of the 2000s, attention shifted to regional scale observatories such as NEPTUNE/ONC in Canada, DONET in Japan, and the OOI Regional Cabled Array (RCA) in the United States (Hazell et al, 2007;Kawaguchi et al, 2008; Consortium for Ocean Leadership, 2010; Barnes et al, 2015). Each of these employed telecommunications cable and repeaters; bespoke housings were developed for interconnection, power delivery, and communications.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMART Cables for Observing the Global Ocean: Science and Implementation

et al. 2019

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The ocean is key to understanding societal threats including climate change, sea level rise, ocean warming, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Because the ocean is difficult and costly to monitor, we lack fundamental data needed to adequately model, understand, and address these threats. One solution is to integrate sensors into future undersea telecommunications cables. This is the mission of the SMART subsea cables initiative (Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications). SMART sensors would "piggyback" on the power and communications infrastructure of a million kilometers of undersea fiber optic cable and thousands of repeaters, creating the potential for seafloor-based global ocean observing at a modest incremental cost. Initial sensors would measure temperature, pressure, and seismic acceleration. The resulting data would address two critical scientific and societal issues: the longterm need for sustained climate-quality data from the under-sampled ocean (e.g., deep ocean temperature, sea level, and circulation), and the near-term need for improvements to global tsunami warning networks. A Joint Task Force (JTF) led by three UN agencies (ITU/WMO/UNESCO-IOC) is working to bring this initiative to fruition. This paper explores the ocean science and early warning improvements available

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“…The NEP-TUNE observatory, since its initial installation in 2009/2010, has collected close to 8 years of oceanographic data in Barkley Canyon and at 4 other active node locations in the NE Pacific (Fig. 1A) (Barnes et al, 2010). For the purpose of the present study we analyzed observatory time-series data from May 23, 2013 to Jan 12, 2015 (∼599 days).…”

Section: Biological and Environmental Data Overview And Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High-frequency observations from a deep-sea cabled observatory reveal seasonal overwintering of Neocalanus spp. in Barkley Canyon, NE Pacific: Insights into particulate organic carbon flux

Leo

Ogata

Sastri

et al. 2018

Progress in Oceanography

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Many submarine canyons are known hotspots of pelagic and benthic biodiversity and productivity. Despite a very limited knowledge of the ecology, biodiversity and ecosystem function of Canada's West Coast canyons, Barkley Canyon is becoming a relatively well studied system, particularly after the installation of the NEPTUNE seafloor cabled observatory in 2009. Video observations of large densities of overwintering calanoid copepods (likely a combination of Neocalanus plumchrus, N. cristatus, and a small contribution of N. flemingeri) drifting near the bottom at 970 m in the axis of Barkley Canyon motivated our interest in investigating the temporal dynamics of their ontogenetic migration cycle. Particularly, since these large calanoid copepods, and especially Neocalanus plumchrus, comprise up to 50% of of the mesozooplankton biomass in the subarctic NE Pacific, being considered a keystone species in the trophodynamics of pelagic ecosystems in the region. Here we used ∼20-months (May 2013-Jan 2015) of seafloor video imagery combined with acoustic Doppler current and backscatter time-series data from the NEPTUNE observatory to identify the precise timing and seasonal and inter-annual variability in the deep ontogenetic migration of Neocalanus spp. in Barkley Canyon. A total of 33,486 still images were extracted from 1674 × 5-min segment videos, captured at two-hour intervals, and used in a computer-automated image analysis protocol designed to estimate Neocalanus spp. densities near the seafloor. The results from the entire time-series revealed close correspondence with the described developmental and reproductive cycle for Neocalanus spp., with the highest densities of copepodite-5 (C5) and adult individuals present at depth from the late fall and through the winter. The concomitant high-frequency (2 MHz) ADCP backscatter time-series nearly mirrored the patterns obtained from the video imagery, and also highlighted a clear inter-annual variability, with higher copepod densities in 2013 relative to 2014. Such inter-annual variability was also evidenced by ground-truth net tow casts from Line P and La Perouse monitoring stations in the vicinity of Barkley Canyon. The low and high-frequency ADCP (75 KHz and 2 MHz) current data demonstrated an along axis mean flow near the bottom and an up-canyon mean subsurface flow from 70 to 300 m above the seabed, suggesting a recirculation cell at this segment of the canyon. Based on this circulation pattern and on our video and backscatter data, we propose a conceptual model describing how the topographically-constrained currents along the canyon axis and the up-canyon flow may help trap the seasonally migrating biomass of Neocalaus spp. near the core of its overwintering depth at mid-canyon (∼1000 m). Based on a previously calculated 25-yr mean of carbon export flux attributed to N. plumchrus in the NE Pacific (i.e., 5 g C m 2 yr −1 ; min. 1.44, max 8.82C m 2 yr −1-Bradford-Grieve et al., 2001), which considers respiration and mortality at the overwintering depth throughout wint...

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NEPTUNE Canada: Installation and initial operation of the world’s first regional cabled ocean observatory

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Flipping for Food: The Use of a Methane Seep by Tanner Crabs (Chionoecetes tanneri)

Flipping for Food: The Use of a Methane Seep by Tanner Crabs (Chionoecetes tanneri)

SMART Cables for Observing the Global Ocean: Science and Implementation

High-frequency observations from a deep-sea cabled observatory reveal seasonal overwintering of Neocalanus spp. in Barkley Canyon, NE Pacific: Insights into particulate organic carbon flux

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