Nepoviruses: General Properties, Diseases, and Virus Identification

Murant, A. F.; Jones, A. T.; Martelli, G. P.; Stace-Smith, R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1772-0_5

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Finally, in addition to showing from its physicochemical properties that BRAV has strong affinities with nepoviruses, especially those in subgroup 3 (15,16), we have also demonstrated that BRAV is transmitted by the black currant gall mite. If the remaining sequence of the RNAs of BRAV confirm its status as a nepovirus, then it raises interesting questions regarding the transmission of the majority (>60%) of the 38 known nepoviruses and tentative nepoviruses that have no known vector (17). In the light of our work with BRAV, it may be opportune to examine the possibility that mites may also act as vectors for some of those nepoviruses for which the mode of transmission is not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The particle morphology and size, and the number and sizes of the coat protein subunits and RNA species of BRAV suggest that it is very similar to nepoviruses (15,16,17). Furthermore, in the sedimentation profile of its particles in sucrose density gradients and in the size of its RNA2 (6,700 nt) and the possible homology between the 3′ ends of its RNAs, it resembles most closely those viruses in the proposed subgroup 3 of nepoviruses, such as CLRV and BLMV (3,15,16,17,20;A. T. Jones,unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Purification and Properties of a New Virus from Black Currant, Its Affinities with Nepoviruses, and Its Close Association with Black Currant Reversion Disease

Lemmetty¹,

Latvala²,

Jones³

et al. 1997

Phytopathology®

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Black currant reversion is a virus-like disease whose causal agent has not been identified. In rooted cuttings of a black currant plant affected with the severe form of the disease, pronounced chlorotic line patterns and ringspots developed in newly emerging leaves. From such symptom-bearing leaves, a virus was mechanically transmitted with difficulty to Chenopodium quinoa and, from this host, to other herbaceous test plants. The virus was purified and partially characterized, and the purified viri-ons were used for antiserum production. Virus particles were isometric, approximately 27 nm in diameter, and sedimented as two nucleoprotein components. They contained a protein species with a molecular mass of 55 kDa, which was readily degraded into a 54-kDa protein and two major RNA components of about 6,700 and 7,700 nucleotides (nt), each with a poly(A) tail. Most of these properties are shared by nepoviruses, but the virus was serologically unrelated to 14 nepoviruses or putative nepovi-ruses tested. However, the deduced sequence of 1,260 nt at the 3' end of one of the viral RNA species was distinct from any known viral sequence, except that it contained short regions of homology to the 3' terminal sequences of RNAs of seven other nepoviruses and two comovi-ruses. To detect this virus in Ribes plants, primers were designed from the known sequence to amplify a 210-nt region of the cDNA of the virus RNA using an immunocapture reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) protocol. Using this assay for the virus, we associated its presence with two recognized forms of black currant reversion disease occurring in Finland, Scotland, or New Zealand. We also detected the virus in vector gall mites from reverted plants and in black currant plants on which such vector mites had fed. However, the virus was not detected by IC-RT-PCR in known healthy Ribes plants; in Ribes plants free from reversion, but affected by three other distinct virus-like diseases of Ribes; or in plants infected with arabis mosaic, strawberry latent ringspot, or raspberry ringspot nepoviruses. These data suggest that this virus may be the causal agent of reversion disease, and it is tentatively called black currant reversion associated virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Purification and Properties of a New Virus from Black Currant, Its Affinities with Nepoviruses, and Its Close Association with Black Currant Reversion Disease

Lemmetty¹,

Latvala²,

Jones³

et al. 1997

Phytopathology®

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“…The popularity of this plant has increased in recent years in the pharmaceutical and food industries, due to its antiseptic and antiviral properties as well as to the interest in the colour compounds present in the berries [ 15 , 16 ]. Several viruses infecting elderberry have been described including carlaviruses ( Betaflexiviridae ) such as Elderberry carlavirus (ECV) or Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV) [ 17 – 19 ]; nepoviruses ( Secoviridae ) such as Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) or Cherry rasp leaf virus [ 20 – 23 ]; and Elderberry latent virus (ELV), Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) or Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) in the Tombusviridae family [ 21 , 24 , 25 ]. Recently, viruses found to be infecting Sambucus plants, and described through next generation sequencing approaches, include elderberry carlaviruses with the proposed name Elderberry virus A–E ( Betaflexiviridae) [ 26 ] and the bromovirus Sambucus virus S ( Bromoviridae ) [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a novel Aureusvirus infecting elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.)

et al. 2018

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A novel virus infecting elderberry was identified by high-throughput Illumina sequencing of double strand RNAs isolated form elderberry leaves. The complete genome sequence obtained (4512 nucleotides in length) shows an organization typical for aureusviruses, with five open reading frames (ORFs) and the typical ORF1-RT expression by the readthrough of an amber stop codon. The analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP) sequences showed the highest identity (respectively 75.7% and 55%) with the corresponding amino acid sequences of Pothos latent virus. These two values, below the species demarcation criteria for the genus, indicate that the detected virus is a new member of genus Aureusvirus, family Tombusviridae, with the proposed name Elderberry aureusvirus 1 (ElAV1). A survey confirmed the wide distribution of ElAV1 in elderberry in the Czech Republic. Phylogenetic analyses of RdRp and CP sequences showed distinct microevolution of geographically separated isolates, with a tendency for isolates coming from close localities or from the same region to cluster together but heterogeneity of viral populations down to a local scale was also observed. The symptomatology of the new virus is not fully clear, but many infected trees were either asymptomatic or showed mild chlorotic mosaics. More severe symptoms, potentially impacting yields of flowers or berries, were observed in plants with mixed infections of ElAV1 and other elderberry viruses. Further efforts are now needed to determine ElAV1 prevalence outside the Czech Republic and to unravel its epidemiology.

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“…Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) was first identified in 1964 infecting both cultivated and wild rosaceous species, including strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum and black currant in Dundee, Scotland (Lister 1964). It is now known to have a worldwide distribution and a host range exceeding 130 species from more than 30 monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous families (CABI 2013c), including both cultivated and wild plants (Murant et al 1996). Major diseases caused by SLRSV on its natural hosts include mottle and death in strawberry, strap leaf in celery, mosaic in black locust, chlorotic ringspots and stunting in Rosa species, yellow mottle in spindle, line pattern in Red Horse-chestnut, deformed fruits in olive and stunting in raspberry (CABI 2013c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in Vaccinium darrowii

Woo

Pearson

2014

Journal of Phytopathology

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Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) was detected in blueberry (Vaccinium darrowii), a host not previously reported. A total of 89 samples were obtained from one site in the North Island of New Zealand and tested by reverse transcription—polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. Both RT‐PCR and sequencing results showed the presence of SLRSV in four samples. Although SLRSV is known to have a wide host range, this appears to be the first report of SLRSV in blueberry.

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Nepoviruses: General Properties, Diseases, and Virus Identification

Cited by 18 publications

References 137 publications

Purification and Properties of a New Virus from Black Currant, Its Affinities with Nepoviruses, and Its Close Association with Black Currant Reversion Disease

Purification and Properties of a New Virus from Black Currant, Its Affinities with Nepoviruses, and Its Close Association with Black Currant Reversion Disease

Molecular characterization of a novel Aureusvirus infecting elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.)

First Report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in Vaccinium darrowii

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