Nephropathy in Chronic Lead Poisoning

Morgan, Jean M.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1966.00290130019005

Cited by 99 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It was not until the late 1920s when an epidemic of chronic nephritis in Queensland, Australia, was linked to childhood lead poisoning that the full spectrum of lead-induced nephropathy became apparent (10)(11)(12). This was followed by reports of renal disease from the Southeastern United States in individuals consuming lead-contaminated illegally distilled (moonshine) whiskey (13) and in industrial lead workers (14).…”

Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes are nonspecific and common to many other types of renal injury; therefore, increased lead burden must be ascertained and other causes of renal failure ruled out before making a diagnosis of lead nephropathy. Chronic high-dose lead exposure has also been implicated in the development of gout and hypertension (13,44).…”

Section: Lead Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high incidence of chronic lead nephropathy has been described in "moonshine" drinkers, those who drink illegally distilled whiskey. Typically these individuals have also been reported to suffer from hypertension and hyperuricemia with gout (13,14,53,76,77 IEp.. E144 children near a lead smelter and"'t'l. In the Southeastern United States, consumption of "moonshine" whiskey, known to be adulterated with lead, has been associated with a high incidence of hypertension, hyperuricemia, and gout (13,81,82).…”

Section: Lead Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically these individuals have also been reported to suffer from hypertension and hyperuricemia with gout (13,14,53,76,77 IEp.. E144 children near a lead smelter and"'t'l. In the Southeastern United States, consumption of "moonshine" whiskey, known to be adulterated with lead, has been associated with a high incidence of hypertension, hyperuricemia, and gout (13,81,82). Although hyperuricemia is seen in chronic renal failure, the incidence of gout is much higher in chronic lead nephropathy than in other types of renal failure (28,83,84).…”

Section: Lead Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal Effects of Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure

Loghman‐Adham¹

1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lead Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lead Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lead Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal Effects of Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure

Loghman‐Adham¹

1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Renal effects in man have been described in clinical reports (21,24,35), by studies of renal function (14,23,33,38,47), and by epidemiologic studies. For example, Lane (19,20) Because, as Lane (19) pointed out, animals exposed to lead have shown both tubular and vascular changes in the kidneys, it is of interest that in our study there were excess deaths in both the chronic nephritis and the renal vascular disease categories.…”

Section: Chronic Renal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality among employees of lead battery plants and lead-producing plants, 1947-1980.

Cooper¹,

Wong²,

Kheifets³

1985

Scand J Work Environ Health

121

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Mortality among employees of lead battery plants and lead-producing plants, . Scand J Work En viron Health II (1985) 331-345. Two cohorts of male lead workers, 4 519 battery plant workers and 2 300 lead production workers, all of whom had been employed for at least one year during the period I January 1946 through 31 December 1970, were observed for mortality during the 34 years from 1 Januar y 1947 through 31 December 1980. Vital status as of the closing date was determined for 94.7 lifo of the former group and 91.6 lifo of the latter. There were 1 718 deaths in the first cohort and 621 in the second. Mortality from all causes combined was significantly greater than expected in each cohort, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) being 107 and 113, respectively. Among the battery plant workers the greater than expected mortality rate resulted in large part from a significant number of excess deaths from malignant neoplasms (SMR 113), other hypertensive disease (mainly renal) (SMR 320), chronic nephritis (SMR 222), and a group of ill-defined conditions (SMR 355). Among the lead production workers the pattern was similar, with a significant number of excess deaths from other hypertensive disease (SMR 475), hypertensive heart disease (SMR 203), chronic nephritis (SMR 265), and ill-defined conditions (SMR 214). There was also a significant excess of deaths from external causes (SMR 143). The SMR for total malignancies was 113, but this value was not significantly elevated at the 5 % level. In neither cohort were deaths from cerebrovascular disease in significant excess, the SMR being 93 and 132, respectively. A proport ionate mortality analysis showed that the excess deaths from cerebrovascular diseaseand from hypertensive heart disease among smelter workers were in part due to the high proportion of nonwhites in the smelter populations. The stomach, liver, and lungs were the sites responsible for most excess cancer deaths in both cohorts, but the elevated SMR values were statistically significant only for gastric and lung cancers in battery plant workers. There were no excess deaths from malignancies of the kidney, brain, or Iymphopoeitic system in either cohort. It is impossible to relate the observed mortality to levels of lead exposure; because of meager quantit ative information prior to 1960. It is known that past exposures had been very high. Ethnicity, diet, alcohol, and cigarette smoking could not be ruled out as possibleconfounding etiologic factors for the cancer deaths.

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Plasma Renin Activity in Chronic Plumbism

McAllister

1971

Arch Intern Med

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Nephropathy in Chronic Lead Poisoning

Cited by 99 publications

References 23 publications

Renal Effects of Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure

Renal Effects of Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure

Mortality among employees of lead battery plants and lead-producing plants, 1947-1980.

Plasma Renin Activity in Chronic Plumbism

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