Nephron Number in Patients with Primary Hypertension

Keller, Gunhild; Zimmer, G.; Mall, Gerhard; Ritz, Eberhard; Amann, Kerstin

doi:10.1056/nejmoa020549

Cited by 991 publications

(761 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Structural alterations like fibrosis are associated with glomerular hypertrophy [45] and reduced renal function [7]. Using the current animals, we previously reported that kidney weight and kidney weight-body weight ratio were significantly lower in HIIT, compared to SED and LIT [19].…”

Section: Ckd) Is Timelymentioning

confidence: 62%

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High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease

Tucker

Briskey

Scanlan

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to the progression of chronic kidney disease. To reduce oxidative stress and inflammation related to chronic kidney disease, chronic aerobic exercise is often recommended. Data suggests high intensity interval training may be more beneficial than traditional aerobic exercise. However, appraisals of differing modes of exercise, along with explanations of mechanisms responsible for observed effects, are lacking. This study assessed effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (85% VO 2 max), versus low intensity exercise (45-50% VO 2 max) and sedentary behaviour, in an animal model of early-stage chronic kidney disease. We examined kidney-specific mRNA expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase 1; Gpx1, superoxide dismutase 1; Sod1, and catalase; Cat) and inflammation (kidney injury molecule 1; Kim1 and tumour necrosis factor receptor super family 1b; Tnfrsf1b), as well as plasma F2-isoprostanes, a marker of lipid peroxidation.Compared to sedentary behaviour, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Sod1 (p=0.01) and Cat (p<0.001). Compared to low intensity exercise, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Cat (p<0.001) and Tnfrsf1b (p=0.047). In this study, high intensity interval training was superior to sedentary behaviour and low intensity exercise as high intensity interval training beneficially influenced expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammation.

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Section: Ckd) Is Timelymentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Declines in renal function are associated with compensatory alterations to renal tissue such as tubulointerstitial fibrosis [45]. Structural alterations like fibrosis are associated with glomerular hypertrophy [45] and reduced renal function [7].…”

Section: Ckd) Is Timelymentioning

confidence: 99%

High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease

Tucker

Briskey

Scanlan

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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show abstract

“…These data are consistent with a role of nephron number in hypertension. In humans, among a cohort of German adults who died in accidents, nephron numbers were significantly lower among those with hypertension compared to normotensive controls 60 . Low nephron numbers have also been associated with higher blood pressures among Australian aboriginals and US and Australian whites, although birth weights were unknown 61 .…”

Section: Nephron Number and Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of fetal and child health on kidney development and long-term risk of hypertension and kidney disease

et al. 2013

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Developmental programming of non-communicable diseases is now an established paradigm. With respect to hypertension and chronic kidney disease, adverse events experienced in utero can affect development of the fetal kidney and reduce final nephron number. Low birth weight and prematurity are the most consistent clinical surrogates for a low nephron number, and are associated with increased risk of hypertension, proteinuria and kidney disease in later life. Rapid weight gain in childhood or adolescence further compounds these risks. Low birth weight, prematurity and rapid childhood weight gain should alert clinicians to an individual's life-long risk of hypertension and kidney disease, prompting education to minimize additional risk factors and ensuring follow-up. Birth weight and prematurity are significantly impacted by maternal nutrition and health during pregnancy. Optimization of maternal health and early childhood nutrition could therefore attenuate this programming cycle and reduce the global burden of hypertension and kidney disease in the future.

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“…In a carefully conducted stereological autopsy analysis of kidneys, Keller et al demonstrated that patients with primary hypertension had fewer glomeruli per kidney than their normotensive controls [34]. In addition, developmental nephron deficit and/or maternal protein restriction in rats has been linked to the development of adult onset hypertension [3,31,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A developmental nephron deficit in rats is associated with increased susceptibility to a secondary renal injury due to advanced glycation end-products

et al. 2006

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Nephron Number in Patients with Primary Hypertension

Abstract: The data support the hypothesis that the number of nephrons is reduced in white patients with primary hypertension.

Cited by 991 publications

References 19 publications

High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease

High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease

Effect of fetal and child health on kidney development and long-term risk of hypertension and kidney disease

A developmental nephron deficit in rats is associated with increased susceptibility to a secondary renal injury due to advanced glycation end-products

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