Nephrolithiasis as a common urinary system manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases; a clinical review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Context: The extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are common and involve other organs or systems for example; urinary system. Evidence Acquisitions: For this review, we used a variety of sources by searching through Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and directory of open access journals (DOAJ). Results: Urinary complications may occur in up to 22% of patients and nephrolithiasis or renal/kidney stones have been suggested to be a common manifestation of disease in forms of uric acid, calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate. We performed a meta-analysis on five clinical trials and reported that correlation between IBD and formation of stone in renal system is positive and significant (Fix-effect model; CI: 95%, P <0.001, and randomeffect model; CI: 95%, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Based on the reports of the clinical trials, calcium oxalate is more prevalent in Crohn’s disease (CD) than in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Altered uric acid metabolism in isolated colonic Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis

“…Inflammatory bowel disease patients had increased incidence of developing nephrolithiasis as well as urolithiasis . In light of this phenomenon, plenty of studies aimed to investigate the risk factors or decipher its possible mechanism .…”

Kidney Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

“…Hyperoxaluria by definition is as an excessive oxalate urinary execretion. Clinical studies show that enteric hyperoxaluria (greater than 48 mg/24hr) is more prevalent in CD than in UC [3] [49]. Many findings have demonstrated that CD patients who have undergone surgical procedures such as ileocecal resection, intestine bypass and total colectomy, are at higher risk to develop secondary hyperoxaluria [47].…”

Insights into association between urolithiasis and prostate cancer

“…Human stones are known to have both kinds of organic and inorganic mineral components in which the inorganic part is 2-3% lower by weight and it acts like a template initially as rest is formed by proteins (64%), glycolipids, carbohydrates and GAGs [22]. It is highly secreted (with uniquely glycosylated fragments at c-terminal) into the urine in response to an infection and serves as an indicator of lithiasis [25].…”