Neosomy: Radical Intrastadial Metamorphosis Associated With Arthropod Symbioses1

Audy, J. R.; Radovsky, Frank J.; Vercammen-Grandjean, P.H.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/9.6.487

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The posterior part has the form of a caudal disk-like or conical prominence that bears respiratory, anal, and genital apertures and is exposed through an opening in the host’s skin (Audy et al 1972). In the dorsal view, the caudal disk is sclerotized, resembling a crater.…”

Section: Morphology and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are approximately 3,000 species and subspecies of fleas included in 238 genera and 15 families worldwide (Lewis 1998). Tungidae is the most specialized family in that the females of the genera Tunga Jarocki (Tunginae) penetrate the skin of their hosts (Hopkins and Rothschild 1953; Linardi and Guimarães 2000), and after mating, the gravid females undergo hypertrophy, becoming neosomes (Audy et al 1972) in spite of the genus Neotunga Smit of the family Pulicidae also present penetrating females. Another genus, Hectopsylla Frauenfeld (Hectopsyllinae), includes species that are also considered neosomatic, but the females are semipenetrating and only attach their mouthparts to the hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Audy et al (1972), neosomes are organisms that are altered by the formation of a new external morphological structure and the secretion of new cuticle, accompanied by significant enlargement during an active process of metamorphosis. Although neosomy exists in other Arthropoda, in fleas, the process occurs in approximately 90 sessile or semisessile species (Rothschild 1992), primarily in the families Vermipsyllidae and Tungidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals

Linardi

Avelar

2014

Parasitol Res

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Tunga is the most specialized genus among the Siphonaptera because adult females penetrate into the skin of their hosts and, after mating and fertilization, undergo hypertrophy, forming an enlarged structure known as the neosome. In humans and other warm-blooded animals, neosomes cause tungiasis, which arises due to the action of opportunistic agents. Although its effects on humans and domestic animals are well described in the literature, little is known about the impact of tungiasis on wild animals. This review focuses on the morphology, taxonomy, geographical distribution, hosts, prevalence, sites of attachment, and impact of tungid neosomes on wild and domestic animals. Because neosomes are the most characteristic form of the genus Tunga and also the form most frequently found in hosts, they are here differentiated and illustrated to aid in the identification of the 13 currently known species. Perspectives for future studies regarding the possibility of discovering other sand flea species, adaptation to new hosts, and the transfer of tungids between hosts in natural and modified habitats are also presented.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4081-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Morphology and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals

Linardi

Avelar

2014

Parasitol Res

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“…Females of the genus Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Tungidae) penetrate into the skin of their hosts, including armadillos, anteaters, rodents, pigs, humans, dogs and other domestic animals [4]. After mating, gravid females undergoes hypertrophy, becoming a neosome 5-10 mm in size [5-7]. Taxonomic knowledge regarding siphonapterids is based primarily on morphological analysis of specimens permanently mounted on slides or preserved in 70% ethanol [3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Multiple Displacement Amplification as Pre-polymerase Chain Reaction (Pre-PCR) to amplify genomic DNA of siphonapterids preserved for long periods in scientific collections

Avelar

Linardi

2010

Parasites Vectors

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The recently developed Multiple Displacement Amplification technique (MDA) allows for the production of a large quantity of high quality genomic DNA from low amounts of the original DNA. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of the MDA technique to amplify genomic DNA of siphonapterids that have been stored for long periods in 70% ethanol at room temperature. We subjected each DNA sample to two different methodologies: (1) amplification of mitochondrial 16S sequences without MDA; (2) amplification of 16S after MDA. All the samples obtained from these procedures were then sequenced. Only 4 samples (15.4%) subjected to method 1 showed amplification. In contrast, the application of MDA (method 2) improved the performance substantially, with 24 samples (92.3%) showing amplification, with significant difference. Interestingly, one of the samples successfully amplified with this method was originally collected in 1909. All of the sequenced samples displayed satisfactory results in quality evaluations (Phred ≥ 20) and good similarities, as identified with the BLASTn tool. Our results demonstrate that the use of MDA may be an effective tool in molecular studies involving specimens of fleas that have traditionally been considered inadequately preserved for such purposes.

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“…Although growth of the unsclerotized idiosoma over the season can be explained by unfolding of wrinkled cuticle already present in newly emerged adults, growth of sclerotized parts like the coxal plates ( Table 3) likely required moulting. There are some reports of intrastadial formation of novel sclerotized structures in arthropods, including mites (Audy et al 1972), but growth of cuticle during a single stage (neosomy) is usually restricted to unsclerotized parts. Water mites of the genus Limnochares (Limnocharidae) are known to undergo supernumerary moults in the adult stage (Bottger 1972a;B .…”

Section: Life-history Variation In the U Crassipes Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the life history of Unionicola crassipes, a sponge-associated water mite (Acari: Unionicolidae)

Proctor¹,

Pritchard²

1990

Can. J. Zool.

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The life history of a member of the widely distributed Unionicola crassipes complex (Acari: Unionicolidae) in a foothills pond in Alberta, Canada, differs from those previously described for this taxon. Two years are required for a female to develop from an egg to an ovipositing adult. Fertilized females overwinter and oviposit in the sponge Eunapius fragilis in early May. Larvae emerge in late May to early June and parasitize chironomids of the genus Tanytarsus. Engorged larvae drop from their insect hosts and return to sponges for the protonymph resting stage. Active, predaceous deutonymphs develop from protonymphs in early summer. Deutonymphs overwinter and enter the tritonymph resting stage, also in sponges, in early May. Summer adults emerge from the tritonymph stage in late May to early June. Males emerge first, but there is an overall female bias to the sex ratio of emerging adults. Growth of sclerotized and unsclerotized parts occurs in adults over the summer, during which time females appear to suffer greater mortality than males, because the sex ratio is 1:1 in September. It is primarily mated females that overwinter for a second time. A population decline in the summer of 1987 was correlated with degeneration of sponges; variation in the life histories of sponge-associated water mites is discussed in light of this correlation.

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Neosomy: Radical Intrastadial Metamorphosis Associated With Arthropod Symbioses1

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals

Neosomes of tungid fleas on wild and domestic animals

Use of Multiple Displacement Amplification as Pre-polymerase Chain Reaction (Pre-PCR) to amplify genomic DNA of siphonapterids preserved for long periods in scientific collections

Variability in the life history of Unionicola crassipes, a sponge-associated water mite (Acari: Unionicolidae)

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