Neonatal Sepsis and Inflammatory Mediators

Machado, Juliana Reis; Soave, Danilo Figueiredo; Silva, Marcos Vinícius da; Menezes, Liliana Borges de; Etchebehere, Renata Margarida; Monteiro, Maria Luíza Gonçalves dos Reis; Reis, Marlene Antônia dos; Corrêa, Rosana Rosa Miranda; Celes, Mara Rúbia Nunes

doi:10.1155/2014/269681

Cited by 98 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) are two cytokines that are known to mediate changes in musculoskeletal and immune systems. 4 They are pro-inflammatory cytokines that mediate process of inflammation and healing. However when released in excess, they can cause unwanted exacerbation of inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and the cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α): A review

Vijayaraghava

Doreswamy

2017

Ann Med Physiol.

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were one of the first few cytokines to be discovered. The normative data for levels of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in particular and all other cytokines in general have not yet been established well. The normal levels for each of the cytokines vary from one race to another. Therefore, all studies need to be done in cases and controls belonging to the same race or same populations. The kits for cytokine assays are expensive and running the assays is laborious and time consuming. It is recommended that the serum/plasma samples are run in duplicates and triplicates to avoid error. Immunology and the field of cytokines is an area which has many domains unexplored. As yet, it is not clearly understood by what mechanisms and pathways each of the cytokines alter the levels of other cytokines. Exercise or physical activity is an intervention which can be administered easily and levels of cytokines measured before and after intervention in same individuals taking all the above mentioned factors into consideration. Hence it is imperative that we look into studies on exercise and cytokines to do further research in the field of cytokines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and the cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α): A review

Vijayaraghava

Doreswamy

2017

Ann Med Physiol.

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“…Inflammatory responses are necessary for the host to respond to components of invading organisms. At the early stages of infection, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced and stimulate immune cells leading to activation of an inflammatory cascade (47). The subsequent inflammatory cascade includes many biologically active mediators and can induce a systemic inflammatory response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflammatory response is thereafter counteracted by anti-inflammatory mediators to restore immunological homeostasis. Excessive pro-inflammatory mediators or inadequate anti-inflammatory responses will lead to sepsis (47). In addition to antibiotics, other adjuvant therapies primarily target the dysregulated innate immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Functional microRNA Expression in Immune Cell Subsets of Neonates and Adults

Hsu

Huang

et al. 2016

Front. Immunol.

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Diversity of biological molecules in newborn and adult immune cells contributes to differences in cell function and atopic properties. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are reported to involve in the regulation of immune system. Therefore, determining the miRNA expression profile of leukocyte subpopulations is important for understanding immune system regulation. In order to explore the unique miRNA profiling that contribute to altered immune in neonates, we comprehensively analyzed the functional miRNA signatures of eight leukocyte subsets (polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, B cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and myeloid dendritic cells) from both neonatal and adult umbilical cord and peripheral blood samples, respectively. We observed distinct miRNA profiles between adult and neonatal blood leukocyte subsets, including unique miRNA signatures for each cell lineage. Leukocyte miRNA signatures were altered after stimulation. Adult peripheral leukocytes had higher let-7b-5p expression levels compared to neonatal cord leukocytes across multiple subsets, irrespective of stimulation. Transfecting neonatal monocytes with a let-7b-5p mimic resulted in a reduction of LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-α production, while transfection of a let-7b-5p inhibitor into adult monocytes enhanced IL-6 and TNF-α production. With this functional approach, we provide intact differential miRNA expression profiling of specific immune cell subsets between neonates and adults. These studies serve as a basis to further understand the altered immune response observed in neonates and advance the development of therapeutic strategies.

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“…While the VV ECMO patients had higher serum creatinine levels (Table 1), post-hoc analyses demonstrated no direct correlation between serum creatinine and either GM or WM creatine (data not shown). On the other hand, systemic inflammation (e.g., elevated c-reactive protein, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines) has been documented in neonates with ECMO [30, 31], as well as in neonates with clinical sepsis [32] and studies have demonstrated that creatine is often elevated alongside choline in the setting of cerebral inflammation [25, 27]. Taken together, the elevations in creatine and choline suggest that the systemic inflammatory response could extend to the central nervous system, as demonstrated in animal models [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Venoarterial and Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Cerebral Metabolism in the Newborn Brain

et al. 2016

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BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective therapy for supporting infants with reversible cardiopulmonary failure. Still, survivors are at risk for long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, the cause of which is not fully understood.ObjectiveTo elucidate the effects of ECMO on the newborn brain. We hypothesized that the cerebral metabolic profile of neonates who received ECMO would differ from neonates who did not receive ECMO. To address this, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to investigate the effects of venoarterial and venovenous ECMO on cerebral metabolism.Methods41 neonates treated with ECMO were contrasted to 38 age-matched neonates.ResultsAll 1H-MRS data were acquired from standardized grey matter and white matter regions of interest using a short-echo (TE = 35 milliseconds), point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) and quantitated using LCModel. Metabolite concentrations (mmol/kg) were compared across groups using multivariate analysis of covariance. Elevated creatine (p = 0.002) and choline (p = 0.005) concentrations were observed in the grey matter among neonates treated with ECMO relative to the reference group. Likewise, choline concentrations were elevated in the white matter (p = 0.003) while glutamate was reduced (p = 0.03). Contrasts between ECMO groups revealed lower osmolite concentrations (e.g. myoinositol) among the venovenous ECMO group.ConclusionNeonates who underwent ECMO were found to have an abnormal cerebral metabolic profile, with the pattern of abnormalities suggestive of an underlying inflammatory process. Additionally, neonates who underwent venovenous ECMO had low cerebral osmolite concentrations as seen in vasogenic edema.

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Neonatal Sepsis and Inflammatory Mediators

Cited by 98 publications

References 116 publications

Exercise and the cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α): A review

Exercise and the cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α): A review

Comparison of the Functional microRNA Expression in Immune Cell Subsets of Neonates and Adults

The Impact of Venoarterial and Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Cerebral Metabolism in the Newborn Brain

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