Neonatal Sepsis and Associated Factors Among Newborns in Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, North-East Ethiopia, 2021

Abstract

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical illness characterized by infection-related signs and symptoms in the first month of life, with or without bacteremia. Septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections are all examples of systemic illnesses that can affect newborns. Hence, the main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with neonatal sepsis among newborns in Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, northeast Ethiopia, from January 1 to July 30, 2021. Methods: This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to July 30, 2021, on 344 randomly selected neonates who visited the hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select samples, and data were collected using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire. For data entry and analysis, Epi Data version 4.1 and SPSS version 24 applications were used, respectively. The goodness-of-fit was tested by the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic test. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors at a 95% confidence interval. Significance was considered at p-value <0.05. Results: In this study, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 79.4% (95% CI: 75.2-83.6%). Maternal UTI/STI history [AOR: 3.1; 95% CI (1.5-7.1)], gestational age <37 weeks [AOR: 4.4; 95% CI (1.0-8.9)], PROM [AOR: 4.9; 95% CI (2.5-6.8)], and new-born resuscitation history [AOR: 2.3; 95% CI (1.5-4.3)] were all significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion:This study indicates that the proportion of neonatal sepsis is high. A history of maternal PROM, being a preterm neonate, a history of maternal UTI/STIs, and having received resuscitation at birth were identified as risk factors for neonatal sepsis.

Incidence of Sepsis and Its Determinants among Neonates Admitted in Level III Neonatal Unit - A Prospective Observational Study

“…Birrie et al in Woldia did a study on neonatal sepsis and stated that the prevalence was 79.4%. 30 Wilar and Lestari expressed that in neonatal sepsis the presence of tachypnea and sclerema were significant risk factors for mortality. 31 It has to be mentioned that extreme caution should exercised in generalizing the findings of the study to other populations because the current study was conducted in one region only, moreover neonates in level III neonatal unit were only included in the study.…”

Fatores de risco relacionados ao desenvolvimento de sepse neonatal: revisão integrativa

“…Os achados do estudo de Zamarano et al (2021) Os fatores que estão relacionados a sepse tardia se referem a condições pós-natais e inúmeros procedimentos invasivos que os neonatos são submetidos na UTIN, tais como: punção venosa, nutrição parenteral, cateteres, ventilação mecânica, monitorização invasiva, intervenções cirúrgicas, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro, entre outros (Silva, 2019). A pesquisa Birrie et al (2022) descobriu uma ligação entre a sepse neonatal e a ressuscitação neonatal. As chances de desenvolver sepse neonatal entre neonatos que tiveram história de reanimação neonatal ao nascimento foram 2,3 vezes maiores em comparação com neonatos que não foram reanimados.…”

“…A reanimação neonatal no nascimento foi considerada um fator de risco substancial para sepse neonatal. Muitos tratamentos que salvam vidas, como aspiração e intubação endotraqueal, podem causar bacteremia transitória e persistente, e a ressuscitação pode ser realizada com equipamentos contaminados, introduzindo microrganismos nos pulmões do sistema imunológico do bebê que ainda está em desenvolvimento (Birrie et al, 2022).…”

Developmental Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics Used in Neonatal ICU: Focus on Preterm Infants

“…Bacterial infections are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns especially in low and middle-income countries [ 1 , 2 ] hence antibiotics are among the most used drugs in this population. About a quarter of the top 100 drugs used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are antibiotics [ 3 , 4 ].…”