Neonatal Risk Factors and Later Neurodevelopmental Disturbances

Background:Children of people with alcohol dependence (COAs) are at high risk for behavioral and cognitive problems.Aim:Aim of this study was to compare the nature and extent of these problems in children of men with and without alcohol dependence.Materials and Methods:32 children (17 in study group and 15 controls) were evaluated for psychopathology, neurodevelopment, cognitive functioning and family environment. Tools used were: Socio-demographic data sheet, Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC), Child Behavior Checklist, Trail Making Test, Neurodevelopment Scale and the Family Environment Scale.Results:Children of men with alcohol dependence had higher externalizing than internalizing scores. Children of alcohol-dependent fathers had higher scores on the neurodevelopment scale and lower scores on the performance scale of the MISIC than the children in control group. These children also made more errors on the Trail Making Test. The family environment of COAs was characterized by lack of independence for its members, greater perceived control and lack of adequate cultural and intellectual activities.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that children of men with alcohol dependence have difficulties with frontal lobe functions and neurodevelopmental tasks. There are also difficulties in the family, which are related to alcohol consumption by the father.

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“…[28] This test is used in children of age between 5 and 9 years. This examination consists of 21 tasks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children of men with alcohol dependence: Psychopathology, neurodevelopment and family environment

Raman

Prasad

Appaya

2010

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…The analysis demonstrated an association between increased impairment and low birthweight. 139 Also in Finland, parental questionnaires completed on over 8000 eight-year-old children in the North Finland Birth Cohort indicated that those born <2500g were poorer in motor skills than the rest of the cohort. 140 An ingenious study examined, at age nine years, 22 pairs of twins who had had a birth weight difference between the pair of at least 25%.…”

Section: Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Environmental Contributions to Childhood Motor Skills

et al. 2013

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Although much of children’s motor skills have a heredity component, at least half of the variance is likely to be influenced by the environment It is important to ascertain features of the environment that are responsible so that toxins can be avoided, children at risk can be identified and beneficial interventions initiated. This review outlines the results of published studies and recommends the areas where further research is required. We found much confusion with little comparability concerning the ages or measures used. Few studies had sufficient power and few allowed for confounders. We found that research to date implicates associations with prenatal drinking ≥4 drinks of alcohol per day; diabetes; taking antidepressant drugs; being deficient in iodine or iron; dietary fish; and postnatal depression. The child appearing to be most at risk was born of low birth weight (but not due to preterm delivery); or with neonatal problems.

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“…These include intrinsic factors such as perinatal insults [6][7][8]; gestational age at birth [9][10][11] and altered neurological pathways [3,5]; low birthweight [12][13][14][15][16][17]; disease processes and severity [18][19][20]; genetic and epigenetic factors including sociocultural influences [17,21], language exposure [22][23][24] and developmental interaction [25][26][27][28]; and nosocomially derived factors such as adverse environmental exposures [29,30], sepsis and neurotoxicity from drugs [31,32]. Long-term studies on language outcomes in preterm infants reveal delays in various aspects of receptive and expressive language [13,14], articulation, comprehension [25], oromotor skills and spontaneous speech [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Exposure of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Unit: A Systematic Review

Best¹,

Bogossian²,

New³

2018

Neonatology

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Background: Elevated sound levels and low language exposures of preterm infants (< 37 weeks) cared for in the neonatal unit contribute to poorer growth, cognition, language and motor outcomes. These delays can have lasting effects on childhood development and continue throughout adult life. Whilst recommendations have been established for appropriate sound exposure levels in neonatal units, very little is known about the optimal level of language exposure. Objectives: To examine the evidence regarding language exposure, both measured (observational) and prescribed (interventional), in preterm infants (< 37 weeks) cared for in neonatal units and to identify optimal exposure levels to promote neurodevelopment. Search Methods: An electronic search of English-language articles with an open date range was conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Joanna Briggs, CINAHL and Cochrane databases and in Google Scholar. The criteria were limited to original research studies of preterm infants (< 37 weeks) in which language was either measured as it naturally occurred in the neonatal unit environment or through a language intervention. Results: The search produced a total of 2,367 articles, 49 of which were related to language. A full-text review of these articles identified 10 eligible studies and 6 studies from reference searches. Conclusions: Preterm infants experience low levels of language exposure and high sound exposures in neonatal units. There is a lack of conclusive evidence to recommend an optimal level of language exposure to support improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Further research from large, good-quality clinical trials is required before clear direction can be provided to inform clinical practice.

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Neonatal Risk Factors and Later Neurodevelopmental Disturbances

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

Children of men with alcohol dependence: Psychopathology, neurodevelopment and family environment

Children of men with alcohol dependence: Psychopathology, neurodevelopment and family environment

A Review of Environmental Contributions to Childhood Motor Skills

Language Exposure of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Unit: A Systematic Review

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