Neonatal Outcomes by Mode of Delivery in Preterm Birth

Abstract

Compared with cesarean delivery, vaginal delivery is associated with a significant reduction in RDS among infants born at ≤ 30 weeks gestation.

Fertility Treatment Is Associated with Stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Respiratory Support in Late Preterm Infants

“…Maternal age is a known risk factor for cesarean delivery, and we have previously demonstrated no difference in indication for cesarean delivery between spontaneous conceptions and IVF conceptions (31). Male infant sex and cesarean delivery are significant risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome for all gestational ages (19-21) and our study supports these associations. Although our study concludes that fertility treatment is a predictor of supplemental respiratory support independent of cesarean delivery, clinicians should aim to decrease cesarean delivery rates in this high risk population to improve neonatal outcomes.…”

“…The regression model for NICU admission was adjusted for maternal age, parity, and cesarean delivery, three potential confounders which were significantly different between the two groups in univariate analyses (P<0.05). The regression model for respiratory support was adjusted for cesarean delivery and male infant sex, both of which are known risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome (19-21). Data analyses were performed using StataIC (version 13, StataCorp).…”

Cesarean Delivery and Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Late Preterm Infants

“…Csections operation usually lasts 20-90 minutes. In this procedure, an abdominal incision is made below the navel in the midline and through the uterine wall [1], [2]. Delivery of C-sections can be elective, that is, it is planned for a date close to the woman's birth date for medical or other reasons.…”

“…Emergency C-sections surgery occurs after vaginal delivery has started, but difficulties with delivery or concerns about the health of the mother or fetus arise. C-sections delivery is performed when the fetus is in a transverse presentation or less frequently in the breech presentation, when the woman's pelvis is too small, the fetus is too large, or when the fetus shows signs of distress, such as abnormalities in heart function [2]. C-sections surgery is performed if the umbilical cord is pressed between the head and the wall of the birth canal (placenta previa), or if the placenta detaches prematurely from the uterus.…”

“…Babies born with this operation can breastfeed normally, although the response to breastfeeding in some babies may be slow to develop because of their breathing problems [6] Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common causes of respiratory morbidity and mortality in late preterm infants. Respiratory Distress Syndrome is one of the main causes of respiratory failure and neonatal death in premature infants and is caused by a lack of pulmonary surfactant due to fetal lung immaturity [2], [7]. Late preterm infant is a gestational age between 34-37 weeks.…”