Neonatal Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: a rare and potentially life‐threatening disease

Abstract

A 5-day-old girl presented with thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia and crusted purpura on the skin. The diagnosis Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) was suspected on clinical grounds and subsequently confirmed by histopathological examination of a skin biopsy. Cytological examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed numerous histiocytes, which is suspect for bone-marrow infiltration by LCH. LCH is a condition in which a clonal population of Langerhans' cells accumulates in various tissues, causing tissue damage and/or dysfunction. The prognosis of this disease depends on the age of the patient, the extent of the disease and the presence of vital organ failure. In case of organ dysfunction, systemic chemotherapy is indicated. Although very rare, LCH can be a life-threatening disease. Early diagnosis can improve chances of survival. We briefly discuss diagnostic procedures and treatment.

Nanozymes: A New Disease Imaging Strategy

“…Cytological examination is an important means of clinical disease diagnosis (Bromberg et al, 2007;Mosterd et al, 2008; Hao et al, 2011;Venugopal and Prasad, 2015). Exfoliated cells from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal fluid, chest water and mucous liquid can provide a large amount of clinical information (including cell morphology, cell type, and cell proportion, etc.…”

“…Exfoliated cells from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal fluid, chest water and mucous liquid can provide a large amount of clinical information (including cell morphology, cell type, and cell proportion, etc. ), which can be used for cancer screening (Schiffman et al, 2000;Dillner et al, 2008), CNS hematologic malignancies (Bromberg et al, 2007) anemia diagnosis (Hao et al, 2011), and Langerhans cell granulomatosis detection (Mosterd et al, 2008).…”

Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as a multi‐system disorder in an infant

“…In cases of organ dysfunction, systemic chemotherapy is indicated. Early diagnosis can improve chances of survival 21 . These data show the importance of increasing awareness of the disease, especially among pediatricians, in order to allow for early diagnosis and to decrease the likelihood of sequelae.…”

“…Early diagnosis can improve chances of survival. 21 These data show the importance of increasing awareness of the disease, especially among pediatricians, in order to allow for early diagnosis and to decrease the likelihood of sequelae. Cooperative and prospective studies should be carried out to provide more knowledge about LCH in our setting and to improve the clinical management of children suffering this disease.…”

An unusual case of neonatal langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting with diffuse hemorrhagic nodules and a cutaneous abdominal mass

“…[ 4 ] Therefore, a thorough work-up is essential to exclude systemic involvement and may require closer follow-up and monitoring than previously recommended, particularly in the 1 st year of life when relapses and systemic involvement occur most frequently. [ 5 ]…”