Neonatal Intensive Care of 10 Hospitalized Giraffe Calves (Giraffa Camelopardalis) Requiring Hand-Rearing

Dixon, Claire E; Bedenice, Daniela; Restifo, Melissa; Mazan, Melissa R.; Brewer, Peter G.; Knafo, Steven

doi:10.1638/2019-0021

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An interesting therapy was transfusing of llama plasma in cases one and three as well as the use of bovine colostrum in the second case. Transfusions of bovine plasma and administration of bovine colostrum have been used for the management of FPT in giraffe calves [ 21 ]. Xenotransfusion of whole bovine blood has been used in an emergency transfusion in a wildebeest calf as well as experimentally investigated as a potential treatment in goats [ 22 , 23 ] suggesting that bovine plasma could be used in those species as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of Passive Transfer in Camel Calves: 4 Cases (2010-2019)

James

Smith

Sheldon

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Failure of passive transfer is a management concern for all ruminant species, but is not well described in the literature for camel calves. This case series presents four camel calves (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) referred to a North American veterinary teaching hospital for diagnosis and management of failure of passive transfer. Diagnostics utilized included hematology, serum biochemistry, and immunologic methods as described for crias. Management included antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and plasma transfusion therapies. Three of the four calves survived to discharge, and common diagnostic practices such as evaluation of total solids, total protein, immunoglobulin G, and sodium sulfite appear to be correlate to passive transfer status in these four calves. Xenotransfusion with llama plasma was well tolerated by two calves, and xenotransfusion with bovine plasma was well tolerated by an additional calf in this study. An additional work is necessary to develop validated breakpoints for diagnosis of passive transfer status in camel calves.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of Passive Transfer in Camel Calves: 4 Cases (2010-2019)

James

Smith

Sheldon

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…joeys, the use of FMTs has been reported to reverse diarrhoea in nearly every case (Milliken, 2019). For giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardali ) calves requiring hand‐rearing and intensive care, FMTs combined with milk replacer contributed to the resolution of diarrhoea in the majority of individuals (Dixon et al ., 2021). In Coquerel's sifakas infected with Cryptosporidium and treated with antibiotics, FMT administration aided in the successful recovery of normal gut flora in most cases (McKenney et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Microbial Therapies and Rewilding As Tools To Overcome Evolu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating microbiome science and evolutionary medicine into animal health and conservation

Bornbusch,

Power,

Schulkin

et al. 2023

Biological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microbiome science has provided groundbreaking insights into human and animal health. Similarly, evolutionary medicine – the incorporation of eco‐evolutionary concepts into primarily human medical theory and practice – is increasingly recognised for its novel perspectives on modern diseases. Studies of host–microbe relationships have been expanded beyond humans to include a wide range of animal taxa, adding new facets to our understanding of animal ecology, evolution, behaviour, and health. In this review, we propose that a broader application of evolutionary medicine, combined with microbiome science, can provide valuable and innovative perspectives on animal care and conservation. First, we draw on classic ecological principles, such as alternative stable states, to propose an eco‐evolutionary framework for understanding variation in animal microbiomes and their role in animal health and wellbeing. With a focus on mammalian gut microbiomes, we apply this framework to populations of animals under human care, with particular relevance to the many animal species that suffer diseases linked to gut microbial dysfunction (e.g. gut distress and infection, autoimmune disorders, obesity). We discuss diet and microbial landscapes (i.e. the microbes in the animal's external environment), as two factors that are (i) proposed to represent evolutionary mismatches for captive animals, (ii) linked to gut microbiome structure and function, and (iii) potentially best understood from an evolutionary medicine perspective. Keeping within our evolutionary framework, we highlight the potential benefits – and pitfalls – of modern microbial therapies, such as pre‐ and probiotics, faecal microbiota transplants, and microbial rewilding. We discuss the limited, yet growing, empirical evidence for the use of microbial therapies to modulate animal gut microbiomes beneficially. Interspersed throughout, we propose 12 actionable steps, grounded in evolutionary medicine, that can be applied to practical animal care and management. We encourage that these actionable steps be paired with integration of eco‐evolutionary perspectives into our definitions of appropriate animal care standards. The evolutionary perspectives proposed herein may be best appreciated when applied to the broad diversity of species under human care, rather than when solely focused on humans. We urge animal care professionals, veterinarians, nutritionists, scientists, and others to collaborate on these efforts, allowing for simultaneous care of animal patients and the generation of valuable empirical data.

show abstract