Neonatal Innate Immunity to Infectious Agents

Maródi, László

doi:10.1128/iai.74.4.1999-2006.2006

Cited by 146 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…In the first three months of life, neonate's immunologic competence progresses rapidly as the cells of adaptive immunity mature acquiring the antigenic experience. In these 3 months of life, the neonate principally depends on components of the innate immune system, (7,8) yet, neonatal innate immune responses may not be fully developed so that the entire performance of its immune system is decreased (9). In premature neonates, the reduced pool of neutrophils and monocytes as well as their precursors lead to greater susceptibility to serious bacterial, viral or fungal infections.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity and Human Milk MicroRNAs Content: A New Perspective for Premature Newborns

et al. 2017

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Context: The premature newborns are prone to develop both early onset and late onset neonatal sepsis. The major causes of this phenomenon rely on the immaturity of the immune system, which has reduced capability to respond adequately to pathogens. Evidence Acquisition: Titles and abstracts of previous papers were scanned before reading the full-text, in order to retrieve appropriate information. The databases used for searching were PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase for articles published before 1st of July, 2016. Secondary search for articles cited in reference lists were identified by the primary search. This review focused on neonatal sepsis incidence and the associated immune response with regards to microRNAs of human milk as a new microelement that enables regulation of innate immunity functions. Results: Since human milk is a valuable source of microRNAs, a better understanding of its content will open a new therapeutic avenue for the clinical management of infectious diseases affecting premature newborns. The variation in miRNAs quantity in human milk needs to be considered. Mother's milk can have different amounts of miRNAs and the identification of a microMilk batch richer of miRNAs can be a nutrition intervention method for modulating innate immunity in clinical management of premature newborns. Conclusions: Routine translation of the microMilk concept for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), in the management of premature newborns could be a way of defending premature newborns and Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants from both early and late sepsis.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity and Human Milk MicroRNAs Content: A New Perspective for Premature Newborns

et al. 2017

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“…If the maternal varicella appears 20-7 d before the birth, the varicella in the newborn (if it develops) generally has a benign and non-fatal course because newly born infants have their mothers' antibodies and the risk of complications is low [5,26,131,165,[191][192][193] . In the case of maternal varicella between seven days before and seven after delivery, 2/3 of the infants become infected and 50% have severe symptoms because they do not have maternal antibodies and their cell-mediated response is insufficiently mature [26,145,169,191,194,195] . During this period, the most dangerous situation is when maternal varicella appears between five days before and two days after delivery because, in the absence of adequate therapy, the neonatal mortality rate may be as high as 20%-30% and, even with therapy, may still be 7% [5,153,157,159,165,191,[196][197][198] .…”

Section: Neonatal Varicellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Paschale

Clerici

2016

WJV

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Varicella-zoster virus, which is responsible for varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles), is ubiquitous and causes an acute infection among children, especially those aged less than six years. As 90% of adults have had varicella in childhood, it is unusual to encounter an infected pregnant woman but, if the disease does appear, it can lead to complications for both the mother and fetus or newborn. The major maternal complications include pneumonia, which can lead to death if not treated. If the virus passes to the fetus, congenital varicella syndrome, neonatal varicella (particularly serious if maternal rash appears in the days immediately before or after childbirth) or herpes zoster in the early years of life may occur depending on the time of infection. A Microbiology laboratory can help in the diagnosis and management of mother-child infection at four main times: (1) when a pregnant woman has been exposed to varicella or herpes zoster, a prompt search for specific antibodies can determine whether she is susceptible to, or protected against infection; (2) when a pregnant woman develops clinical symptoms consistent with varicella, the diagnosis is usually clinical, but a laboratory can be crucial if the symptoms are doubtful or otherwise unclear (atypical patterns in immunocompromised subjects, patients with post-vaccination varicella, or subjects who have received immunoglobulins), or if there is a need for a differential diagnosis between varicella and other types of dermatoses with vesicle formation; (3) when a prenatal diagnosis of uterine infection is required in order to detect cases of congenital varicella syndrome after the onset of varicella in the mother; and (4) when the baby is born and it is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of varicella (and its complications), make a differential diagnosis between varicella and other diseases with similar symptoms, or confirm a causal relationship between maternal varicella and malformations in a newborn. Core tip: Although varicella during pregnancy is infrequent and congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) is rare, every available means should be used to prevent and diagnose them. Microbiology laboratories can be crucial in these situations: Evaluating a mother's immune status with sensitive and specific tests for the detection of antibodies; allowing a rapid diagnosis with molecular biology tests when a clinical manifestation may be due to different etiologies; following pregnant women with varicella for the prenatal diagnosis of CVS with close collaboration between molecular biology investigators and specialists in imaging diagnostics.De Paschale M, Clerici P. Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection. World

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“…It is considered one of the most significant contributions to the improvement in global health outcomes [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Some protection for non-immunized people may be achieved via 'herd immunity' , when the majority of the population are vaccinated thus restricting the spread of disease [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Australian Father’s Attitudes towards Infant Vaccination: Findings from the Australian Father’s Study

Prosser¹,

Petersen²

2016

Primary Health Care

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Neonatal Innate Immunity to Infectious Agents

Cited by 146 publications

References 108 publications

Innate Immunity and Human Milk MicroRNAs Content: A New Perspective for Premature Newborns

Innate Immunity and Human Milk MicroRNAs Content: A New Perspective for Premature Newborns

Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Survey of Australian Father’s Attitudes towards Infant Vaccination: Findings from the Australian Father’s Study

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