Neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities in low birth weight infants: relation to cognitive outcomes at six years of age

Whitaker, Agnes H.; Feldman, Judy F.; Rossem, Ronan Van; Schonfeld, Irvin Sam; Pinto‐Martin, Jennifer; Torre, Carolyn; Blumenthal, Suzannah R.; Paneth, N.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3782(97)90556-9

Cited by 79 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…1 A total of 520 neonates r32 weeks in GA were admitted over the 2 1 2 years study period ( Figure 1) F overall, 41 had no HUS (16 died before a scan was done), 379 had normal (or only minor abnormality) studies, and 100 (21% of all those scanned) had major HUS abnormalities detected (Table 1), comparable to previous reports. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] We excluded from further analysis the 41 babies having no HUS study, the 198 having only one study, and 40 infants who had two studies, but less than 7 days apart (the 20 normal infants from this group had no repeat scans). Of the remaining 241 infants who had two or more scans, with the first two Z7 days apart, 43 were abnormal on the first or second study, with six of these reverting to normal on a third scan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4]25 The significance of mild and transient HUS abnormalities is less clear, however, and more subtle neurodevelopmental sequelae may only be recognized after longterm follow-up studies have been evaluated. 30 Indeed, extremely low-BW infants <25 weeks gestation are at the highest risk for developmental delay, even in the absence of abnormal intracranial pathology.…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The incidence of IVH has decreased over the past 10 years, with an overall occurrence rate of approximately 15%. 1 Most IVH occurs in the first 3 to 4 postnatal days, with more than 95% of hemorrhages being first detected by bedside head ultrasound (HUS) studies before the fifth day of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serial Head Ultrasound Studies in Preterm Infants: How Many Normal Studies Does One Infant Need to Exclude Significant Abnormalities?

2003

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serial Head Ultrasound Studies in Preterm Infants: How Many Normal Studies Does One Infant Need to Exclude Significant Abnormalities?

2003

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“…Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be important, but the exact role of each has not yet been identified (1). Epigenetic events that increase the risk of developing tic disorder or TS include perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events that damage the periventricular germinal matrix and adjacent deep regions of the brain (2). A considerable amount of data implicates the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in TS pathophysiology, particularly basal ganglia (BG) abnormalities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with Tourette syndrome

Kalanithi

Zheng

Kataoka

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

487

384

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Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Imaging studies found alterations in caudate (Cd) and putamen volumes. To investigate possible alterations in cell populations, postmortem basal ganglia tissue from individuals with TS and normal controls was analyzed by using unbiased stereological techniques. A markedly higher total neuron number was found in the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) of TS. In contrast, a lower neuron number and density was observed in the globus pallidus pars externa and in the Cd. An increased number and proportion of the GPi neurons were positive for the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in tissue from TS subjects, whereas lower densities of parvalbumin-positive interneurons were observed in both the Cd and putamen of TS subjects. This change is consistent with a developmental defect in tangential migration of some GABAergic neurons. The imbalance in striatal and GPi inhibitory neuron distribution suggests that the functional dynamics of cortico-striato-thalamic circuitry are fundamentally altered in severe, persistent TS.T ourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by persistent motor and vocal tics, which may or may not abate upon entering adulthood. Tics are sudden stereotyped motor sequences of varying intensity and complexity, often preceded by compulsions or sensory phenomena. Neither the etiology nor the pathophysiology of TS is well understood. Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be important, but the exact role of each has not yet been identified (1). Epigenetic events that increase the risk of developing tic disorder or TS include perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events that damage the periventricular germinal matrix and adjacent deep regions of the brain (2). A considerable amount of data implicates the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in TS pathophysiology, particularly basal ganglia (BG) abnormalities. The BG, a richly interconnected set of nuclei, is essential for the initiation and correct implementation of learned sequences of motor and cognitive segments that characterize purposive behavior. The two major inputs into the BG, from the cerebral cortex and the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, enter into the striatum, which consists of the caudate (Cd) and putamen (Pt). The firing of cortical inputs drives activity in both medium spiny neurons (MSNs) (3) and several types of interneurons, including parvalbumin (PV)-positive (PVϩ) GABAergic interneurons (4). Striatal PVϩ interneurons are connected by electrical junctions and form a web of inhibitory synapses throughout the striatum, coordinating the activities of MSNs, and likely increasing their threshold of firing in response to cortical inputs (5, 6). MSNs, which are the large majority of neurons in the striatum, project to the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), either directly or indirectly via the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus pars externa (GPe). These two pathways can be differentiate...

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“…Many of the long-term neurodevelopmental consequences of preterm birth are thought to result from perinatal insults to the brain, typically affecting the periventricular white matter (Roth et al 1993, Whitaker et al 1996, Pinto-Martin et al 1999, Vollmer et al 2003.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants with ventricular dilatation with and without associated haemorrhage

Vollmer

Roth²,

Riley³

et al. 2006

Develop Med Child Neuro

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This study investigated whether in preterm children who had ventricular dilatation (VD) on neonatal cranial ultrasound outcome at age 8 years was influenced by the additional presence of germinal matrix haemorrhage -intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH). Six-hundred and ninety-nine preterm infants (<33wks' gestation, mean 29.6wks [SD 2.1]) with either normal cranial ultrasound (n=616; 286 females, 330 males), or with VD with (n=66; 32 females, 34 males) or without (n=17; 4 females, 13 males) GMH-IVH were enrolled in the study. At age 8 years outcome was assessed in 567 (81%) of the 699 children by neurological examination, the Test of Motor Impairment (TOMI), the test of Visuo-Motor Integration (VMI), and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children. Results showed that the proportion of children with disabling impairments was higher in the group with VD and GMH-IVH. Performance on TOMI and VMI (even in those without disabling impairments) was poorer in those with VD and GMH-IVH than in children with normal scans or those with VD only. Children with VD and GMH-IVH had significantly lower performance IQ than children with normal ultrasound, whereas those with VD only were not different from those with normal scans. Results suggest the presence of subtle white matter injury that has not been identified by neonatal cranial ultrasound. Although this study did not investigate biochemical markers of haemorrhage, we hypothesize that non-proteinbound iron is likely to be a contributing factor to white matter damage in preterm infants.

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Neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities in low birth weight infants: relation to cognitive outcomes at six years of age

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Serial Head Ultrasound Studies in Preterm Infants: How Many Normal Studies Does One Infant Need to Exclude Significant Abnormalities?

Serial Head Ultrasound Studies in Preterm Infants: How Many Normal Studies Does One Infant Need to Exclude Significant Abnormalities?

Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with Tourette syndrome

Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants with ventricular dilatation with and without associated haemorrhage

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