Neonatal canine herpesvirus infection: a review of present knowledge

Cornwell, Jeffrey C.; Wright, N.G.

doi:10.1136/vr.84.1.2

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Other reports on canine herpesvirus (CHV-1) soon followed [3], [4] and [5]. CHV-1 is of low pathogenicity in puppies older than 5 weeks [6] and may cause tracheobronchitis in adult dogs [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of canine herpesvirus in breeding kennels in the Gauteng Province of South Africa

et al. 2008

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Canine herpesvirus (CHV-1) causes neonatal deaths as well as infertility due to embryonal death, abortion and stillbirths in breeding kennels. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against canine herpesvirus in the serum of dogs older than 1 year in breeding kennels in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. A serum neutralization test (SNT) and a newly developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to test the serum samples of 328 dogs in 38 breeding kennels. With SNT as well as ELISA, 22% of sera were positive (P > 0.9). Seventeen kennels (45% of total kennels) each had at least one positive dog on SNT compared with twenty kennels (53% of total kennels) that each had at least one positive dog on ELISA (P = 0.6). The prevalence of positive dogs in positive kennels was 42 ± 26% (n = 17 kennels) for SNT and 39 ± 26% (n = 20 kennels) for ELISA. Pairwise comparison of kennels showed that the prevalence of SNT positive dogs was similar to the prevalence of ELISA positive dogs (P = 0.3, n = 38 kennels). Seroprevalence was independent of age, gender or colony size. This study suggests that canine herpesvirus is sufficiently common in breeding dogs in the Gauteng Province of South Africa to pose a threat to neonatal survival and fertility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of canine herpesvirus in breeding kennels in the Gauteng Province of South Africa

et al. 2008

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“…Canine herpesviruses have been isolated previously from puppies affected with a fatal septicaemic disease (6); from dogs with upper respiratory tract disease (3,13,17) ; from a puppy (2) and an adult dog with distemper (17) ; from a dog with malignant lymphoma (11); from apparently normal dogs (13); and from G. POSTE: DKC cultures prepared fl'om a normal puppy (25). The present CHV-BI% isolate is the first CHV strain to have been isolated from the genital tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a new canine herpes virus

Poste¹

1972

Archiv f Virusforschung

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SummaryA cytopathogenic agent, designated CHV-BI%, isolated from genital lesions in dogs has been shown to be a herpesvirus. It contained DNA, was ether-and heat-sensitive, and was unstable at low pH. Electron micrographs revealed a virion of typical herpesvirus structure. The CHV-BR isolate produced a marked cytopathic effect (CPE) in dog kidney cell cultures but failed to grow in rabbit kidney and human cell lines. The CPE in dog kidney cells consisted of extensive polykaryocytosis, and the formation of intranuclear type-A inclusion bodies. The emergence of a non-polykaryocytogenic CPE variant during serial passage of the isolate in dog cells was described. Neutralization and immunofluorescence tests showed that CHV-BI~ was serologically similar to the F-205 strain of canine herpesvirns (CHV) but was not related to other human and animal herpesviruses. Differences between the CHV-BR isolate and the CHV strains isolated elsewhere were discussed.

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“…However, in the bitch herpesvirus infection has been associated with reproductive problems, such as low conception rate, fetal resorption, abortion, stillborn or weak puppies and small litter size both in experimental [8,9] and epidemiological studies [10-12]. Oronasal transmission is considered to be the main route of infection, but genital and transplacental transmission may also occur [8,13,14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A serological study of canine herpesvirus-1 infection in a population of breeding bitches in Norway

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCanine herpesvirus-1 (CHV1) causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in neonatal puppies and is associated with infertility in female dogs. This study was conducted to assess the status of CHV1 infection in bitches in proestrus or estrus and to investigate possible risk factors by a detailed questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from healthy bitches (n = 193) not vaccinated against CHV1, aged one year or older and admitted for estrus control to the Canine Reproductive Clinical Unit, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. The serum samples were analysed by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay and serum titers were recorded as the reciprocal value of the highest dilution producing specific cell staining.ResultsAltogether, 85.5% of the dogs had CHV1 titers ≥ 80 and were classified as positive. Mean age for dogs included in the study was 4.2 years (95% CI 4.0-4.5), and there was no difference in age between seronegative dogs vs seropositive dogs. When grouping the seropositive dogs into three categories according to the magnitude of the titer, a total of 38.8% of the bitches displayed a weakly positive titer of 80, 44.8% had moderately positive titers of 160 or 320 and 16.4% of the dogs fell into the strongly positive category with titer of ≥640. No association was demonstrated when comparing CHV1 antibody titers to fertility parameters such as previous matings, pregnancies, whelpings, puppies born or condition of puppies. Further, there was no difference in seroprevalence between bitches that had been abroad for a period of time and dogs only living within a Norwegian environment. Samples from dogs collected in summer and fall displayed moderate to high antibody titers indicating recent infection with CHV1. Season, previous birth, and participation in competitions/shows explained 67-78% of the variation in antibody titer.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that CHV1 infection is common in breeding bitches in the eastern part of Norway. Associations with putative risk factors were not identified. However, season, previous whelping, and participation in competitions/shows explained 67-78% of the variation in antibody titer.

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Neonatal canine herpesvirus infection: a review of present knowledge

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Seroprevalence of canine herpesvirus in breeding kennels in the Gauteng Province of South Africa

Seroprevalence of canine herpesvirus in breeding kennels in the Gauteng Province of South Africa

Characterization of a new canine herpes virus

A serological study of canine herpesvirus-1 infection in a population of breeding bitches in Norway

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