Neocortex development during severe malnutrition in the rat

Cordero, María Elena; Díaz, G; Araya, Juan

doi:10.1093/ajcn/29.4.358

Cited by 44 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It may be postulated that these changes may be due to the more prolonged exposure to nutrient restriction. This is supported by observations carried out in our laboratory on the effects of early postnatal malnutrition on neuron maturation, in which reduced basilar dendritic arborization was found in the large pyramidal cells of the layer V of the occipital cortex (12). In another study (36) on rats subjected to malnutrition from birth until day 60 of age, even lower values for dendritic arborization compared to rats malnourished until day 35, has been observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Alterations of cellular differentation of the pyramidal cells of the layer V of the occipital cortex with decrease in the number and length of their basilar dendrites have been reported in malnourished rats (12). On the other hand, early postnatal malnutrition induces deficits in dendritic spine density in basilar dendrites of pyramidal cells of layer V of the occipital cortex (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Histological Maturation of Astroglial Cells in the Archicortex of Early Malnourished Rats

et al. 1982

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Histological Maturation of Astroglial Cells in the Archicortex of Early Malnourished Rats

et al. 1982

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“…In the present study we have shown that protein-calorie deprivation during the early postnatal period significantly impaired the ontogenesis of visual pyramidal neurons, re sults that are consistent with previous reports in the Field [3,4], In contrast, when under nourished pups were simultaneously exposed to an enriched environment, neuronal impair ment was clearly compensated for from a morphological point of view. A different pic ture was obtained by Davies and Katz [23] in relation to the present morphological data; they failed to demonstrate significant changes in dendritic differentiation of subjects ex posed to nutritional-environmental manipu lation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For example, nutritional de privation of newborn rats results in a reduc tion of brain weight and size [1], cortical depth [2], neuronal dendrogenesis [3,4], myelination [5], and synapse-to-neuron ratio [6,7], Such structural deficits are frequently cor related to various neurobehavioral abnormal-ities, such as learning deficiencies and poor exploratory drive [8]. Clinical evidence has also shown that early postnatal under-or mal nutrition produces similar impairments [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Preweaning Environmental Stimulation on Neuronal and Behavioral Impairment Produced by Undernutrition

Pascual¹,

Hervias²,

Figueroa³

1996

Neonatology

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The present study investigates the effects of sensorimotor stimulation on the basal dendrogenesis of superficial cerebrocortical neurons and the accomplishment in the associated exploratory behavior in rats simultaneously exposed to nutritional deprivation. Sprague-Dawley albino rats were submitted to nutritional-environmental influences from birth to the 21 st postnatal day. Exploratory behavior was assessed by the evaluation of locomotor activity in the open-field apparatus. In order to evaluate changes in neuronal morphology induced by nutritional-environmental variables, brains were stained according to the Golgi-Cox-Sholl procedure. Dendritic development was assessed under camera lucida by measuring basal dendritic branching of layer II and III pyramidal neurons, located in the dorsomedial region of the visual cortex of the rat. Morphometrical analysis revealed that both basal dendritic length and branching were significantly reduced by undernutrition. In contrast, environmental stimulation during the suckling period compensated for the neuronal impairment produced by protein-calorie deprivation. An improvement was also observed in exploratory behavior although to a lesser degree, as shown by the open field test data. In conclusion, the present results indicate that sensorimotor stimulation applied during the period of fastest rate of cortical cytodifferentiation compensates for neuronal and behavioral impairment produced by undernutrition.

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“…The brain of rats grows rapidly just after birth and nutritional deficiency during this critical period results in morphological or maturational growth retardation of the brain, although this is less pronounced than retardation of somatic growth (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Moreover, there is evidence that the normal growth rate and the growth response to malnutrition differ in different regions of the brain (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of postnatal undernutrition on the catecholamine and serotonin contents of suckling rat brain.

Hisatomi

Niiyama

1980

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe effect of postnatal undernutrition on the catecholamine and serotonin contents of various parts of the brain of suckling rats was examined. Undernourishment was induced by increasing the litter size to 18 pups from day 1 to 21 after birth. In control pups, the total amounts of norepinephrine and dopamine in the whole brain increased greatly during the suckling period (norepinephrine: 17.7ng at birth, 154ng on day 10, and 420ng on day 21; dopamine: 12.6ng at birth, 269ng on day 10, and 1,022ng on day 21). Similar, but less marked increases in the norepinephrine and dopamine contents of the brain were observed in malnourished pups. The norepinephrine contents of the forebrain, cerebellum, and brain stem of malnourished pups were comparable with those of normal pups on day 10 but the contents of the cerebellum and brain stem were significantly less than those of normal pups on day 21. Postnatal malnutrition also led to a significant decrease in the dopamine content of the forebrain. In contrast, the serotonin content of the brain of undernourished pups was significantly higher than that of controls. The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase in the forebrain and brain stem of control pups at the end of suckling period were significantly higher than those of undernourished pups (forebrain: 18.3pmol in controls and 11.5 pmol in malnourished pups; brain stem: 12.3pmol in controls and 9.8 pmol in malnourished pups). The tyrosine hydroxylase activity (pmol/g) correlated more closely with the norepinephrine content than with the dopamine or norepinephrine plus dopamine content. The tyrosine and phenylalanine contents of the brain were similar in the two groups. It is concluded from these findings that the catecholamine content of the brain is regulated by the enzyme activity rather than the levels of precursor amino acids. Keywords brain catecholamine (CA), serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, early postnatal malnutrition, lactation, brain free amino acids 279

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Neocortex development during severe malnutrition in the rat

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Histological Maturation of Astroglial Cells in the Archicortex of Early Malnourished Rats

Histological Maturation of Astroglial Cells in the Archicortex of Early Malnourished Rats

Effects of Preweaning Environmental Stimulation on Neuronal and Behavioral Impairment Produced by Undernutrition

Effects of postnatal undernutrition on the catecholamine and serotonin contents of suckling rat brain.

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