Neoadjuvant Hormonal Treatment and Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Wachter, Stefan De; Wachter-Gerstner, Natascha; Pötter, Richard

doi:10.1159/000072489

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Understanding flexibility and constraints in the expression and evolution of aging requires a careful analysis of key aging metrics (1, 18, 19). We used a maximum-likelihood framework for estimating two metrics that, together, describe the pattern of senescence for a population: the initial adult mortality rate ( IMR , the risk of death at onset of adulthood) and the rate of aging ( RoA , the rate of increase in the age-specific mortalities with advancing adult age).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging in the Natural World: Comparative Data Reveal Similar Mortality Patterns Across Primates

Bronikowski

Altmann

Brockman

et al. 2011

Science

220

203

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Human senescence patterns—late onset of mortality increase, slow mortality acceleration, and exceptional longevity—are often described as unique in the animal world. Using an individual-based data set from longitudinal studies of wild populations of seven primate species, we show that contrary to assumptions of human uniqueness, human senescence falls within the primate continuum of aging; the tendency for males to have shorter life spans and higher age-specific mortality than females throughout much of adulthood is a common feature in many, but not all, primates; and the aging profiles of primate species do not reflect phylogenetic position. These findings suggest that mortality patterns in primates are shaped by local selective forces rather than phylogenetic history.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging in the Natural World: Comparative Data Reveal Similar Mortality Patterns Across Primates

Bronikowski

Altmann

Brockman

et al. 2011

Science

220

203

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“…It was reported that adjuvant therapy with the LHRH analogue goserelin, started at the beginning of external irradiation treatment and continuing for 3 years, improved the 5‐year overall survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. It is, therefore, clear that uncertainties exist regarding factors such as optimal timing, sequencing and type of HT (Wachter et al , 2003).…”

Section: Critical Discussion Of Treatment Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer – presentation, diagnosis and treatment: what does the literature say?

Templeton

2007

Int J of Uro Nursing

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Although previously known as the Cinderella of cancers, in recent years, prostate cancer has become a significant public health problem with considerable social and economic consequences. It is currently the most commonly diagnosed male cancer in the UK and is second only to lung cancer as a cause of male cancer deaths. In this literature review, evidence‐based literature related to the anatomical, diagnostic and therapeutic perspective of prostate cancer is presented. Associated areas of controversy related to prostate cancer are also fully discussed. It is essential that urology nurses have a strong foundation in their knowledge related to these aspects of prostate cancer. Only when they have this knowledge in their armoury are they able to confidently help patients make informed choices and participate in shared decision‐making regarding their care. This should help ensure that urology nurses rise to the challenge of providing patients with prostate cancer with high quality care by helping these patients through the minefield of information associated with prostate cancer.

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“…Here we respond to the challenge of Wachter (11), who noted that the evolutionary theories of aging generally fail to be able to predict the characteristics of mortality trajectories. To do this, we apply a recent development in state-dependent life history theory (12) that accounts for activity, the generation of cellular damage through metabolism and reinforcement of damage, repair of damage, and the mortality consequences of damage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of mortality trajectories in evolutionary biodemography

Munch

Mangel

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An important task in evolutionary biodemography is to determine the schedule of survival and reproduction as the outcome of natural selection acting on life histories. We do this by using a model in which the state of the organism is characterized by mass and accumulated damage, both of which are affected by activity and which affect the rate of mortality. Focusing on growth during the juvenile period, we determine the level of activity that maximizes reproductive value. Given this, we are able to project forward and determine the trajectory of mortality for an individual following the optimal life history, given the physiological and reproductive parameters. We show that there are two main classes of juvenile mortality trajectories: U-shaped (such as recently reported for prereproductive humans) and steadily declining and we are able to connect the shape of the mortality trajectory with the physiological and reproductive parameters characterizing the life history. Our work shows the importance of state in models of evolutionary biodemography and the power of modern computational methods to illuminate biological process.free-radical theory ͉ disposable soma ͉ life history theory ͉ dynamic programming D emography is, in part, the study of the implications of a schedule of survival and mortality. The goal is to describe patterns, understand pattern and process, and predict the consequences of change on those patterns. Evolutionary biodemography asks about the origins of such schedules, in the context of evolution of life histories by natural selection. Evolutionary biodemography seeks to merge demography with evolutionary thinking (2-6). The result, for example, will be to use the comparative method to explore similarities and differences of patterns across species and to understand the patterns and mechanisms of vital statistics as the result of evolution by natural (and sometimes artificial) selection. Raymond Pearl, one of the founders of quantitative population biology, understood the importance of doing this but lacked the mathematical tools to do so. For example, with John Miner (7) he wrote ''For it appears clear that there is no one universal 'law' of mortality. . . different species may differ in the age distribution of their dying just as characteristically as they differ in their morphology'' and that ''But what is wanted is a measure of the individual's total activities of all sorts, over its whole life; and also a numerical expression that will serve as a measure of net integrated effectiveness of all of the environmental forces that have acted upon the individual throughout its life''. With the development of state-dependent life history theory (8-10), the tools now exist.Here we respond to the challenge of Wachter (11), who noted that the evolutionary theories of aging generally fail to be able to predict the characteristics of mortality trajectories. To do this, we apply a recent development in state-dependent life history theory (12) that accounts for activity, the generation of cellular damage th...

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Neoadjuvant Hormonal Treatment and Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Aging in the Natural World: Comparative Data Reveal Similar Mortality Patterns Across Primates

Aging in the Natural World: Comparative Data Reveal Similar Mortality Patterns Across Primates

Prostate cancer – presentation, diagnosis and treatment: what does the literature say?

Evaluation of mortality trajectories in evolutionary biodemography

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