Nematicide impacts on nematodes and feedbacks on plant productivity in a plant diversity gradient

Eisenhauer, Nico; Ackermann, Michael; Gass, Svenja; Klier, Matthias; Мигунова, В Д; Nitschke, Norma; Rueß, Liliane; Sabais, Alexander C.W.; Weisser, Wolfgang W.; Scheu, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2010.06.004

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Overall effects of plant species richness on nematode density and diversity in 2005 have been published elsewhere [10]. Further, it should be noted that plant community effects on nematode densities reported in Eisenhauer et al [40] cannot be compared with those reported here, since the former study comprised data from untreated subplots and subplots with nematicide application. In the present paper we focus in more detail on plant community effects on functional changes in food web structure and on the variability of community functioning between the two sampling dates in autumn 2005 and spring 2007.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Changes in Plant Species Richness Induce Functional Shifts in Soil Nematode Communities in Experimental Grassland

et al. 2011

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BackgroundChanges in plant diversity may induce distinct changes in soil food web structure and accompanying soil feedbacks to plants. However, knowledge of the long-term consequences of plant community simplification for soil animal food webs and functioning is scarce. Nematodes, the most abundant and diverse soil Metazoa, represent the complexity of soil food webs as they comprise all major trophic groups and allow calculation of a number of functional indices.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe studied the functional composition of nematode communities three and five years after establishment of a grassland plant diversity experiment (Jena Experiment). In response to plant community simplification common nematode species disappeared and pronounced functional shifts in community structure occurred. The relevance of the fungal energy channel was higher in spring 2007 than in autumn 2005, particularly in species-rich plant assemblages. This resulted in a significant positive relationship between plant species richness and the ratio of fungal-to-bacterial feeders. Moreover, the density of predators increased significantly with plant diversity after five years, pointing to increased soil food web complexity in species-rich plant assemblages. Remarkably, in complex plant communities the nematode community shifted in favour of microbivores and predators, thereby reducing the relative abundance of plant feeders after five years.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results suggest that species-poor plant assemblages may suffer from nematode communities detrimental to plants, whereas species-rich plant assemblages support a higher proportion of microbivorous nematodes stimulating nutrient cycling and hence plant performance; i.e. effects of nematodes on plants may switch from negative to positive. Overall, food web complexity is likely to decrease in response to plant community simplification and results of this study suggest that this results mainly from the loss of common species which likely alter plant – nematode interactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Changes in Plant Species Richness Induce Functional Shifts in Soil Nematode Communities in Experimental Grassland

et al. 2011

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“…Thus, when analyzing nematode community composition, an impression can be obtained of responses of the second, third, and higher trophic levels in the soil food web to range expanding plant species. Previous studies on plants influencing nematode community composition have focused mostly on the relationship with plant species diversity and identity (Korthals et al 2001, Hedlund et al 2003, Wardle et al 2003, De Deyn et al 2004, Viketoft et al 2005, Eisenhauer et al 2010) and less on effects of exotic plant species (Van der Putten et al 2005). We investigated the taxonomic and functional community composition of nematodes in the root zone of range expanding versus related native plant species and compared effects of plant origin with plant species identity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of native and exotic range‐expanding plant species on taxonomic and functional composition of nematodes in the soil food web

Morriën

Duyts

Putten

2011

Oikos

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Due to climate warming, many plant species shift ranges towards higher latitudes. Plants can disperse faster than most soil biota, however, little is known about how range‐expanding plants in the new range will establish interactions with the resident soil food web. In this paper we examine how the soil nematode community from the new range responds to range‐expanding plant species compared to related natives. We focused on nematodes, because they are important components in various trophic levels of the soil food web, some feeding on plant roots, others on microbes or on invertebrates. We expected that range expanding plant species have fewer root‐feeding nematodes, as predicted by enemy release hypothesis. We therefore expected that range expanders affect the taxonomic and functional composition of the nematode community, but that these effects would diminish with increasing trophic position of nematodes in the soil food web. We exposed six range expanders (including three intercontinental exotics) and nine related native plant species to soil from the invaded range and show that range expanders on average had fewer root‐feeding nematodes per unit root biomass than related natives. The range expanders showed resistance against rather than tolerance for root‐feeding nematodes from the new range. On the other hand, the overall taxonomic and functional nematode community composition was influenced by plant species rather than by plant origin. The plant identity effects declined with trophic position of nematodes in the soil food web, as plant feeders were influenced more than other feeding guilds. We conclude that range‐expanding plant species can have fewer root‐feeding nematodes per unit root biomass than related natives, but that the taxonomic and functional nematode community composition is determined more by plant identity than by plant origin. Plant species identity effects decreased with trophic position of nematodes in the soil food web.

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“…To prevent losses caused by R. similis in banana production in Australia, banana farmers apply organophosphate or carbamate nematicides, which cost AU$10-15 million annually (Pattison 1994). Nematicides tend to be non-selective biocides, which impact on soil biodiversity and biological processes (Eisenhauer et al 2010). Also, the application of nematicides is potentially hazardous to the local environment as they can be readily transported in soil water and attached to colloidal soil particles (Cáceres et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of soil organic amendments on suppression of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, on the growth of bananas

Pattison¹,

Badcock²,

Sikora

2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Radopholus similis is a major constraint to banana production in Australia and growers have relied on nematicides to manage production losses. The use of organic amendments is one method that may reduce the need for nematicides, but there is limited knowledge of the influence of organic amendments on endo-migratory nematodes, such as R. similis. Nine different amendments, namely, mill mud, mill ash, biosolids, municipal waste compost, banana residue, grass hay, legume hay, molasses and calcium silicate were applied to the three major soil types of the wet tropics region used for banana production. The nutrient content of the amendments was also determined. Banana plants were inoculated with R. similis and grown in the soil-amendment mix for 12-weeks in a glasshouse experiment. Assessments of plant growth, plant-parasitic nematodes and soil nematode community characteristics were made at the termination of the experiment. Significant suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes occurred in soils amended with legume hay, grass hay, banana residue and mill mud relative to untreated soil. These amendments were found to have the highest N and C content. The application of banana residue and mill mud significantly increased shoot dry weight at the termination of the experiment relative to untreated soil. Furthermore, the applications of banana residue, grass hay, mill mud and municipal waste compost increased the potential for suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes through antagonistic activity. The application of amendments that are high in C and N appeared to be able to induce suppression of plantparasitic nematodes in bananas, by developing a more favourable environment for antagonistic organisms.

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Nematicide impacts on nematodes and feedbacks on plant productivity in a plant diversity gradient

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Changes in Plant Species Richness Induce Functional Shifts in Soil Nematode Communities in Experimental Grassland

Changes in Plant Species Richness Induce Functional Shifts in Soil Nematode Communities in Experimental Grassland

Effects of native and exotic range‐expanding plant species on taxonomic and functional composition of nematodes in the soil food web

Influence of soil organic amendments on suppression of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, on the growth of bananas

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