Neighborhood violent crime and unemployment increase the risk of coronary heart disease: A multilevel study in an urban setting

Sundquist, Kristina; Theobald, Holger; Yang, Min; Li, Xinjun; Johansson, Sven‐Erik; Sundquist, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.051

Cited by 179 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It was regarded to be significant if it was larger than 1.96 times the standard error, in accordance with the precedent set in previous studies [26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In addition, maternal smoking during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with autism [30]. Neighborhood deprivation is often characterized by neighborhood social disintegration (i.e., criminality, high mobility or unemployment) [26,31,32] and low social capital [25,33,34] that may act as neighborhood stressors. Psychosocial stress can influence immunological and/or hormonal stress reactions [35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood deprivation and childhood autism: A nationwide study from Sweden

Sjöstedt

Sundquist

et al. 2014

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…It was regarded to be significant if it was larger than 1.96 times the standard error, in accordance with the precedent set in previous studies [26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood deprivation and childhood autism: A nationwide study from Sweden

Sjöstedt

Sundquist

et al. 2014

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…[61][62][63] Stress has been hypothesized to produce chronic dysfunction of the body's regulatory systems affecting the autonomic, metabolic, and immune systems, primarily through the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. 64,65 The resulting physiological disturbances may accelerate cell aging and death leading to several adverse health outcomes, including CVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Serum Biomarkers in the Black Women’s Health Study

et al. 2016

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Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Black women have a higher CVD risk and are more likely to live in poor neighborhoods than white women. We examined the association of neighborhood SES with several CVD biomarkers using data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a follow-up study of US black women reporting high levels of education and income. Blood specimens of 418 BWHS participants were assayed for Creactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin A1C (hgA1C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. US Census block group data were linked to the women's addresses to reflect neighborhood SES. Multivariable-adjusted mixed linear regression models that adjusted for person-level SES and for cardiovascular risk factors were used to assess CRP, hgA1C, and HDL levels in relation to quintiles of neighborhood SES. Women living in the poorest neighborhoods had the least favorable biomarker levels. As neighborhood SES increased, CRP decreased (P for trend = 0.01), hgA1C decreased (P for trend = 0.07), and HDL increased (P for trend = 0.19). These associations were present within strata of individual educational level. The present findings suggest that neighborhood environments may affect physiological processes within residents independently of individual SES.

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“…Previous research on crime and health has found crime to be positively related to a variety of health outcomes including selfassessed health, 37-39 physical functioning, 39 coronary heart disease, 40 adherence to inhaled glucocorticoids, 41 health-related quality of life, 42 and adverse birth events. 43 Though of growing interest, prior research is inconsistent regarding the association between crime or perceptions of crime and the likelihood of engaging in physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

et al. 2008

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In the United States, despite substantial investment in public health initiatives to promote early detection of breast cancer through screening mammography, the proportion of female breast cancers that have advanced beyond the localized stage by the time of diagnosis remains high. Our objective in this exploratory study was to investigate whether stage of breast cancer at diagnosis among Chicago residents is associated with characteristics of the neighborhoods in which proximate mammography facilities are located. Those characteristics may influence likelihood of utilizing the service routinely and partly explain differences in stage at diagnosis. We used a retrospective cohort design and combined 3 years of data from the Illinois State Cancer Registry (ISCR) with information on locations of mammography facilities, public transportation service, crime, and area demographic and economic characteristics. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), we identified the five facilities located nearest to each case's residence. Estimates of the association between characteristics of mammography facility locations and breast cancer stage at diagnosis were obtained using the partial proportional odds regression model. We found that the number of homicides in areas in which the nearest mammography facilities were located was associated with increased odds of later stage diagnosis. This effect was independent of age, race, and residential area education and income. We found no effect on stage of distance, public transportation service, or measures of neighborhood social similarity. The "spatial dynamics" of health may involve geographies beyond the immediate neighborhood. The results of our study suggest that areas in which the nearest mammography facilities are located may be one such geography. We hope that this study will spark research interest in the impact of health service locations on utilization.

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Neighborhood violent crime and unemployment increase the risk of coronary heart disease: A multilevel study in an urban setting

Cited by 179 publications

References 39 publications

Neighborhood deprivation and childhood autism: A nationwide study from Sweden

Neighborhood deprivation and childhood autism: A nationwide study from Sweden

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Serum Biomarkers in the Black Women’s Health Study

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

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