Neighborhood socioeconomic status and food environment: A 20-year longitudinal latent class analysis among CARDIA participants

Richardson, Andrea; Meyer, Katie A.; Howard, Annie Green; Boone‐Heinonen, Janne; Popkin, Barry M.; Evenson, Kelly R.; Kiefe, Catarina I.; Lewis, Cora E.; Gordon‐Larsen, Penny

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.08.011

Cited by 64 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Between 1970 and 2000, the number of convenience stores and fast food restaurants increased, while availability of supermarkets remained stable in the U.S. 1 There has also been greater attention to ‘food deserts’ (lack of healthy food options) and ‘food swamps’ (abundance of unhealthy food options) in the literature in the past decade. 2–4 The unequal distribution of food outlets (i.e., convenience and grocery stores, supermarkets, and fast food and full-service restaurants) may negatively impact individuals’ cardiometabolic health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some researchers have found that fewer supermarkets and more convenience stores and fast food restaurants are associated with lower quality diet and obesity, 5–10 but these results do not always hold. 1,11–13 Therefore, it is important to understand which factors influence the availability of food outlets in neighborhoods, and whether it differs across type of food outlet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Supermarkets: Food Outlet Location Selection in Four U.S. Cities Over Time

Rummo

Guilkey

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Understanding what influences where food outlets locate is important for mitigating disparities in access to healthy food outlets. However, few studies have examined how neighborhood characteristics influence the neighborhood food environment over time, and whether these relationships differ by neighborhood-level income. Methods Neighborhood-level data from four U.S. cities (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; Oakland, CA) from 1986, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 were used with two-step econometric models to estimate longitudinal associations between neighborhood-level characteristics (z-scores) and the log-transformed count/km2 (density) of food outlets within real-estate-derived neighborhoods. We examined associations with lagged neighborhood-level sociodemographics and lagged density of food outlets, with interaction terms for neighborhood-level income. Data were analyzed in 2016. Results Neighborhood-level income at earlier years was negatively associated with the current density of convenience stores (β= −0.27; 95% CI: −0.16, −0.38; p<0.001). The percentage of neighborhood white population was negatively associated with fast food restaurant density in low income neighborhoods (10th percentile of income: β= −0.17; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.002; p=0.05), and the density of smaller grocery stores across all income levels (β= −0.27; 95% CI: −0.45, −0.09; p=0.003). There was a lack of policy-relevant associations between the pre-existing food environment and the current density of food outlet types, including supermarkets. Conclusions Socioeconomically-disadvantaged populations and minority populations may attract ‘unhealthy’ food outlets over time. To support equal access to healthy food outlets, the availability of ‘less healthy’ food outlets types may be relatively more important than the potential lack of supermarkets or full-service restaurants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Supermarkets: Food Outlet Location Selection in Four U.S. Cities Over Time

Rummo

Guilkey

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…Third, residential segregation (by race/ethnicity and SES) in the USA is high and there is a considerable body of literature that alludes to the influence of the neighbourhood environment on food consumption patterns (15)(16)(17) . Specifically, fresh produce may be less accessible in lower-income and/or segregated neighbourhoods (16)(17)(18) while energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods such as those offered in convenience stores may be more accessible in these same neighbourhoods (19)(20)(21) . Understanding the independent effects of these individual and neighbourhood social factors on diet has implications for the design of effective public health interventions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social disparities in dietary habits among women: Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study

Wang

Heck

Winkleby³

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Relationships among race/ethnicity, individual socio-economic status (SES), neighbourhood SES and acculturation are complex. We sought to answer whether: (i) race/ethnicity, individual SES and neighbourhood SES have independent effects on women's fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC); (ii) SES modifies the effects of race/ethnicity on FVC; and (iii) nativity modifies the effect of Latina ethnicity on FVC. Design: Cross-sectional surveys from the population-based Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study were linked with census-tract level data. FVC was indicated by (i) consuming fruits and vegetables less often than daily (LOWFV) and (ii) not having fruits and vegetables in the home very often. Other variables included age, marital status, race/ethnicity, country of birth, educational attainment, family income and longitudinal neighbourhood poverty (based on latent class growth models). Weighted logistic regression models accounting for the complex sample design were constructed. Setting: California, USA, 2012-2013. Subjects: Women (n 2669). Results: In adjusted models, race/ethnicity, education and income were independently associated with FVC, but not neighbourhood poverty. Women of colour, high-school graduates and women with incomes at 301-400 % of the federal poverty level were at higher odds of LOWFV compared with non-Hispanic Whites, college graduates and those with incomes >400 % of the federal poverty level. Little evidence for interactions between race/ethnicity and individual or neighbourhood SES was found; similar patterns were observed for immigrant and US-born Latinas. Conclusions: Addressing the dietary needs of lower-SES communities requires multilevel interventions that simultaneously provide culturally tailored nutrition education and address the physical and economic accessibility of culturally acceptable fruits and vegetables.

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“…This is plausible, since poorer neighborhoods are associated with more cardiovascular risk factors, such as higher rates of obesity and weight gain in women (42–44), lower levels of physical activity and higher prevalence of smoking (45). NSES may also be related to other neighborhood-level risk factors such as a more adverse built environment with, e.g., fewer parks, or grocery stores with fruits and vegetables(46); and an elevated level of daily stress that may contribute to allostatic load or bodily “wear and tear” (47). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Predicts Health After Hospitalization for Acute Coronary Syndromes

et al. 2017

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Objective To explore the influence of contextual factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which is sometimes used as an indicator of quality of care, we examined the association of neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and trajectories of HRQoL after hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods We studied 1,481patients hospitalized with ACS in Massachusetts and Georgia querying HRQoL via the mental and physical components of the SF-36 (MCS and PCS) and the physical limitations and angina-related HRQoL subscales of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) during hospitalization and at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-discharge. We categorized participants by tertiles of the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (a residence-census tract-based measure) to examine the association of NSES with trajectories of HRQoL after adjusting for individual SES and clinical characteristics. Results Participants had mean age 61.3 (SD: 11.4) years; 33% were female; 76%, non-Hispanic white; 11.2% had household income below the federal poverty level. During 6 months post-discharge, living in lower NSES neighborhoods was associated with lower mean PCS scores (1.5 points for intermediate NSES; 1.8 for low) and SAQ scores (2.4 and 4.2 points) versus living in high NSES neighborhoods. Neighborhood SES was more consequential for patients with lower individual SES. Individuals living below the federal poverty level had lower average MCS and SAQ physical scores (3.7 and 7.7 points, respectively) than those above. Conclusions Neighborhood deprivation was associated with worse health status. Using HRQoL to assess quality of care without accounting for individual and neighborhood SES may unfairly penalize safety net hospitals.

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Neighborhood socioeconomic status and food environment: A 20-year longitudinal latent class analysis among CARDIA participants

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

Beyond Supermarkets: Food Outlet Location Selection in Four U.S. Cities Over Time

Beyond Supermarkets: Food Outlet Location Selection in Four U.S. Cities Over Time

Social disparities in dietary habits among women: Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Predicts Health After Hospitalization for Acute Coronary Syndromes

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