Neighborhood Resources and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Survival After Myocardial Infarction

Social determinants of health in pulmonary embolism management and outcome in hospitals: Insights from the United States nationwide inpatient sample

“…Although there are biologic differences pertaining to VTE among discrete races, such as greater levels in various hemostatic and endothelial markers (including factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, plasmin antiplasmin, and D-dimer) in Black patients [ 16 ], it is possible that factors accompanying policies reflecting structural racism explain part of our findings, including residential and school segregation. Supporting this, in a study of patients with myocardial infarction (all with the same health insurance), no significant difference in mortality was observed among Black compared with White patients from well-resourced neighborhoods; however, Black Americans from disadvantaged neighborhoods had higher mortality than White Americans [ 17 ]. Altogether, our findings suggest racial and ethnic disparities in the management of acute PE and the access to advanced treatment modalities.…”

Neighborhood disadvantage reduces cognitive reserve independent of neuropathologic change

“…Study participants were categorized into tertiles by nationally ranked ADI scores with the highest tertile (T3) indicating the most disadvantaged neighborhoods 40,41 . ADI (T1, low deprivation, reference group; T2, intermediate deprivation; T3, high deprivation) was treated as an ordinal variable.…”

“…Study participants were categorized into tertiles by nationally ranked ADI scores with the highest tertile (T3) indicating the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. 40 , 41 ADI (T1, low deprivation, reference group; T2, intermediate deprivation; T3, high deprivation) was treated as an ordinal variable. Age at death, age at onset, disease duration, brain weight, MMSE score, age at MMSE testing, interval years from MMSE testing to death, and years of education were treated as continuous variables.…”

Association between vehicle ownership and disparities in mortality after myocardial infarction

“…The association between the neighborhood in which a person lives and health outcomes has been described for a variety of disease states [12] , [13] , [14] , including ischemic heart disease [15] , [16] , [17] . Previously validated indices for evaluating neighborhood socioeconomic status include metrics to evaluate transportation access because of the significant role transportation plays in determining health status [ 18 , 19 ].…”