Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon

Healy‐Profitós, Jessica; Lee, Seungjun; Mouhaman, Arabi; Garabed, Rebecca; Moritz, Mark; Piperata, Barbara A.; Lee, Ji-Young

doi:10.2166/wh.2016.204

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In addition to quantifying coliform concentrations, we quantified the concentrations of four enteric pathogens in the household drinking water and fecal samples using a QX200 droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) system (Bio‐Rad, Hercules, California). The enteric pathogens, which included Arcobacter spp., Campylobacter (targeting 16S rRNA gene of C. jejuni , C. coli , and C. lari ), Salmonella spp., and enterohemorragic E. coli (targeting virulence genes stx1 and stx2 ) were selected based on their probability of being present in stored drinking water samples in a LMIC setting (Healy‐Profitós et al, ). EvaGreen ddPCR analysis was used to quantify Arcobacter, Campylobacter , and Salmonella , (Healy‐Profitós et al, ; Klase et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enteric pathogens, which included Arcobacter spp., Campylobacter (targeting 16S rRNA gene of C. jejuni , C. coli , and C. lari ), Salmonella spp., and enterohemorragic E. coli (targeting virulence genes stx1 and stx2 ) were selected based on their probability of being present in stored drinking water samples in a LMIC setting (Healy‐Profitós et al, ). EvaGreen ddPCR analysis was used to quantify Arcobacter, Campylobacter , and Salmonella , (Healy‐Profitós et al, ; Klase et al, ). For enterohemorrhagic E. coli ( stx1 and stx2 ), a probe‐based ddPCR analysis was performed (Healy‐Profitós et al, ; Klase et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EvaGreen ddPCR analysis was used to quantify Arcobacter, Campylobacter , and Salmonella , (Healy‐Profitós et al, ; Klase et al, ). For enterohemorrhagic E. coli ( stx1 and stx2 ), a probe‐based ddPCR analysis was performed (Healy‐Profitós et al, ; Klase et al, ). The total mixture volume was 20 μL, which included 10 μL supermix for probes (Bio‐Rad, Hercules, California), 250 nM primes, 250 nM probe (Probe‐based ddPCR only), 2 μL DNA template (up to 330 ng), and RNase‐/DNase‐free water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, even in places where household drinking water sources are chemically (e.g., chlorination) or physically treated (e.g., sand filtration), insufficient access, due to randomly timed cut‐offs or inadequate flow rates, often leads to water storage within homes, which presents opportunities for recontamination with enteric pathogens (Ashbolt, ; Healy‐Profitós et al, , ; Jensen et al, ; Mattioli, Pickering, Gilsdorf, Davis, & Boehm, ). The routine use of unsafely managed water for drinking, food preparation, and bathing places young children at risk of exposure to waterborne enteric pathogens—with potential implications for their immediate and long‐term health, including environmental enteropathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the gut microbiota of Nicaraguan children in a water insecure context

Piperata

Lee

Apaza

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: The gut microbiota varies across human populations. The first years of life are a critical period in its development. While delivery mode and diet contribute to observed variation, the additional contribution of specific environmental factors remains poorly understood. One factor is waterborne enteric pathogen exposure. In this pilot study, we explore the relationship between household water security and the gut microbiota of children.Methods: From Nicaraguan households (n = 39), we collected drinking water samples, as well as fecal samples from children aged one month to 5.99 years (n = 53). We tested water samples for total coliforms (CFU/mL) and the presence of common enteric pathogens. Composition and diversity of the gut microbiota were characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. Households were classified as having drinking water that was "low" (<29 CFU/mL) or "high" (≥29 CFU/mL) in coliforms. We used permutational analyses of variance and Mann-Whitney U-tests to identify differences in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of children living in these two home types.Results: Insecure access led households to store drinking water and 85% tested positive for coliforms. High concentrations of Salmonella and Campylobacter were found in water and fecal samples. Controlling for age, the gut microbiota of children from high coliform homes were compositionally different and less diverse than those from low coliform homes. Conclusions:Results indicate that research exploring the ways water insecurity affects human biology should consider the gut microbiome and that investigations of inter-population variation in the gut microbial community of children should consider pathogen exposure and infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of the gut microbiota of Nicaraguan children in a water insecure context

Piperata

Lee

Apaza

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Water is stored in various containers which include jerry cans, buckets, drums, basins and local pots [11][12][13]. It has been reported that when collection of water from sources of high quality is possible, contamination during transport, handling and storage and poor hygienic practices often results and can cause poor health outcomes [11,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to Sustainable Safe Drinking Water: A Case Study of Water Quality and Use across Seasons in Rural Communities in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Edokpayi

Rogawski

Kahler

et al. 2018

Water

103

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Consumption of microbial-contaminated water can result in diarrheal illnesses and enteropathy with the heaviest impact upon children below the age of five. We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of water quality in a low-resource setting in Limpopo province, South Africa. Surveys were conducted in 405 households in rural communities of Limpopo province to determine their water-use practices, perceptions of water quality, and household water-treatment methods. Drinking water samples were tested from households for microbiological contamination. Water from potential natural sources were tested for physicochemical and microbiological quality in the dry and wet seasons. Most households had their primary water source piped into their yard or used an intermittent public tap. Approximately one third of caregivers perceived that they could get sick from drinking water. All natural water sources tested positive for fecal contamination at some point during each season. The treated municipal supply never tested positive for fecal contamination; however, the treated system does not reach all residents in the valley; furthermore, frequent shutdowns of the treatment systems and intermittent distribution make the treated water unreliable. The increased water quantity in the wet season correlates with increased treated water from municipal taps and a decrease in the average contaminant levels in household water. This research suggests that wet season increases in water quantity result in more treated water in the region and that is reflected in residents' water-use practices.

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Survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in treated groundwater consumed in northern Cameroon

et al. 2020

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Treated groundwater is a major source of drinking water but subject to potential contamination of fecal–oral pathogens. To understand ecology of the pathogens in the treated water, this study evaluated survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in the treated groundwater in northern Cameroon. E. coli and V. cholerae O1 were isolated from human feces. Water samples were collected from the following sources: a well, tap water from the Cameroon Water Utilities Company, and mineral and borehole waters sold in Maroua, respectively. These waters were treated by one or more processes, including autoclaving, filtration, chlorination and ozonation and were used for the constitution of microcosms. E. coli and V. cholerae were inoculated into each microcosm at respective concentrations of 50 CFU/10 mL (separately) and 40 CFU/10 mL each (together). All bacterial strains survived in all microcosms were used. The ability to survive and grow varied with the bacterial strain and microcosm (P < 0.05). When inoculated separately into the same type of microcosms, V. cholerae grew faster than E. coli with the latter even showing decrease in concentration in mineral water. When inoculated together, V. cholerae grew faster than E. coli, except in autoclaved well water and filtered and autoclaved well water. Autochthonous ultramicroflora inhibited the growth of E. coli in filtered well water (P < 0.05).

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Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Characterization of the gut microbiota of Nicaraguan children in a water insecure context

Characterization of the gut microbiota of Nicaraguan children in a water insecure context

Challenges to Sustainable Safe Drinking Water: A Case Study of Water Quality and Use across Seasons in Rural Communities in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in treated groundwater consumed in northern Cameroon

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