Negotiating Mobility, Debating Borders: Migration Diplomacy in Turkey-EU Relations

İçduygu, Ahmet; Üstübici, Ayşen

doi:10.1057/9781137326638_4

Cited by 20 publications

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“…This was certainly not the first time that the EU and Turkey had debated and concluded on procedures for border arrangements: migration diplomacy between the two entities already had a relatively long history. 68 While the legal problems inherent in the EU-Turkey statement of 2016 have long been discussed, the statement is really best understood as a continuation of the externalization of EU migration and border policies. The EU-Turkey statement is considered an effective measure for migration control because it succeeded in bringing down the number of migrants arriving in Greece.…”

Section: The Case Of Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Border closures and the externalization of immigration controls in the Mediterranean: A comparative analysis of Morocco and Turkey – RETRACTED

Üstübici

İçduygu

2018

New Perspect. Turk.

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This article traces the recent history of border closures in Turkey and Morocco and their impact on human mobility at the two ends of the Mediterranean. Border closures in the Mediterranean have produced new spaces where borders are often fenced, immigration securitized, and border crossings and those facilitating border crossings criminalized. Here, bordering practices are conceptualized as physical bordering practices, border controls, and legal measures. Turkey and Morocco constitute comparable cases for an analysis of border closures insofar as they utilize similar mechanisms of closure, despite having quite different outcomes in terms of numbers. The article’s findings are based on fieldwork conducted at both locations between 2012 and 2014, as well as on analysis of Frontex Risk Assessment Reports from 2010 to 2016. The first part of the article reflects on the concepts of border closure and securitization, together with their implications, and draws for its argument on critical security studies and critical border studies. The second part of the article is an overview of controls over mobility exercised in the Mediterranean from the 1990s onward. Then, in the third and fourth parts, we turn to the particular cases—respectively, Turkey and Morocco—in order to discuss their processes of border closure and the various implications thereof. Through analysis of the two country cases, we show that border closures are neither linear nor irreversible.

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Section: The Case Of Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63Ahmet İçduygu and Ayşen Üstübici, “Negotiating Mobility, Debating Borders: Migration Diplomacy in Turkey-EU Relations,” in New Border and Citizenship Politics , ed. Helen Schwenken and Sabine Ruß-Sattar (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014): 44–59.…”

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confidence: 99%

Border closures and the externalization of immigration controls in the Mediterranean: A comparative analysis of Morocco and Turkey – RETRACTED

Üstübici

İçduygu

2018

New Perspect. Turk.

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“…By taking the sui generis positon of the Turkish case into account, this article is based on a study of the implementation of the EU-Turkey Statement, linking it to the wider literature on the "externalization" of European borders and to critical border and security studies. Numerous studies on the "EU-ization" of the Turkish migration and border regime and its accession negotiations emphasize the historical, political, legal and international aspects of the topic (Biehl, 2009;İçduygu, 2007İçduygu & Üstübici, 2014;Kirişçi, 2003;Özçürümez & Şenses, 2011;Paçacı-Elitok, 2013). This study goes beyond high-level policy analysis, particularly focusing on the EU-Turkey Statement and utilizing fieldwork-based research with the aim of capturing policy implementations by border practitioners on the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraterritoriality of European borders to Turkey: an implementation perspective of counteractive strategies

Karadağ

2019

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This article seeks to "decolonize" the externalization project of European borders by focusing on the subjectivity of Turkey as being a long-standing candidate country, seeking to be a "regional power" in the Middle East and increasingly moving into undemocratic rule. The study suggests that externalization project of European borders does not only move outwards from the European center, and then straightforwardly get implemented by the passive "others". The case of Turkey epitomizes that the "others" are geopolitical subjects with their counter-discourses and strategies as well as their co-constitutive roles in shaping the very framework of the process. The study adopts an implementation perspective with the aim of providing nuanced local details about how Turkish border guards act, interpret, internalize or challenge the border externalization policies.

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“…The transformation of migration governance in Turkey has been widely discussed, initially in relation to EU conditionality (İçduygu, 2007;Lavenex & Uçarer, 2004;Ozcurumez & Şenses, 2011;Tolay, 2012). While the literature on Turkey-EU relations and foreign policy focus on the mechanisms of policy transfers and explore the bargaining power exercised by third countries such as Turkey (Aras & Mencütek, 2018;İçduygu & Üstübici, 2014), they have put less emphasis on the socio-legal implications. Since the arrival of Syrian refugees, migration scholars working on the case of Turkey have emphasized the differentiated inclusion in relation to various groups of migrants and refugees (Baban et al, 2017;Genç et al, 2019).…”

Section: Border Externalization and Its Socio-legal Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acknowledging that Turkey is not a passive recipient of EU externalization when it comes to negotiating with the EU over migration related topics (Ataç et al, 2017) (see also İçduygu & Üstübici, 2014;Karadağ, 2019, this issue), the article makes two interrelated arguments on the socio-legal effects of externalization. First, externalization measures have led to the technocratic, rather apoliticized framing of migration governance in Turkey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of externalized migration governance on Turkey: technocratic migration governance and the production of differentiated legal status

Üstübici

2019

CMS

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The article highlights international dimensions of the emergence and transformation of migration policies in Turkey from the early 2000s onwards, including the context of the Syrian displacement, which made Turkey the top refugee hosting country in the world. While the transformation of migration governance in Turkey has widely been discussed, the effects of externalization on Turkey have remained focused on foreign policy and Turkey-EU relations. Only recently has the research explored the socio-legal implications of migration governance in terms of the emergence of categorizations leading to differentiated inclusion of migrant groups. The article establishes the historical and conceptual link between technocratic responses to externalization dynamics and the emergence of differentiated legal status. The article argues that measures of externalization brought a technocratic approach to migration governance. As a result, the complex, controversial aspects of the externalization process, such as the production of differentiated legal statuses amongst migrant communities with protection needs, have so far been overshadowed.

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Negotiating Mobility, Debating Borders: Migration Diplomacy in Turkey-EU Relations

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Border closures and the externalization of immigration controls in the Mediterranean: A comparative analysis of Morocco and Turkey – RETRACTED

Border closures and the externalization of immigration controls in the Mediterranean: A comparative analysis of Morocco and Turkey – RETRACTED

Extraterritoriality of European borders to Turkey: an implementation perspective of counteractive strategies

The impact of externalized migration governance on Turkey: technocratic migration governance and the production of differentiated legal status

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