Abstract:This paper discusses the deterioration of indigenous irrigation system traditionally developed in the past to serve the peri-urban agricultural lands that have been affected by rapid urbanization in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The study is based on data collection from mapping, field survey and interview analyses and identifies current canal deteriorating conditions in four categories: filled, covered, narrowed and shallow, and normal. The findings reveal that different types of canal deteriorations are a… Show more
“…According to Davivongs et al [3], water is a vital economic resource-especially in agriculture, as it plays a crucial role in the fertility of agricultural lands. In addition, accessibility to water resources contributes to improving the livelihoods of small-scale farm households [4].…”
This empirical research investigates the factors influencing the adoption of three irrigation technologies using a probit statistical model: water wheel (WW), water pump (WP), and weir (WR) irrigation technologies as well as their economic returns per unit of rice cultivated area. The influencing factors were categorized into demographic, socioeconomic, topographical, institutional, and attitudinal factor groups by 207 rice-growers in the Chaiyaphum province in northeastern Thailand. The results revealed that the land holding size, farm income, and water use association (WUA) membership factors were highly positively associated with the WW adoption. Meanwhile, age, farm income, skills training, and WUA membership were negatively correlated with the WP adoption. Nevertheless, proximity to a water source and upstream farmland location were positively correlated with the WP adoption. The WR adoption was positively associated with age but negatively correlated with the land holding size, upstream farmland location, and group participation factors. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that the WW irrigation scheme generated the highest economic return with the benefit-to-cost ratio schemes. The findings suggest that the WW irrigation technology would be deployed in the water management of other agricultural areas in the region to overcome the unfavorable geography and alleviate the local farmers' disadvantageous economic conditions.
“…According to Davivongs et al [3], water is a vital economic resource-especially in agriculture, as it plays a crucial role in the fertility of agricultural lands. In addition, accessibility to water resources contributes to improving the livelihoods of small-scale farm households [4].…”
This empirical research investigates the factors influencing the adoption of three irrigation technologies using a probit statistical model: water wheel (WW), water pump (WP), and weir (WR) irrigation technologies as well as their economic returns per unit of rice cultivated area. The influencing factors were categorized into demographic, socioeconomic, topographical, institutional, and attitudinal factor groups by 207 rice-growers in the Chaiyaphum province in northeastern Thailand. The results revealed that the land holding size, farm income, and water use association (WUA) membership factors were highly positively associated with the WW adoption. Meanwhile, age, farm income, skills training, and WUA membership were negatively correlated with the WP adoption. Nevertheless, proximity to a water source and upstream farmland location were positively correlated with the WP adoption. The WR adoption was positively associated with age but negatively correlated with the land holding size, upstream farmland location, and group participation factors. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that the WW irrigation scheme generated the highest economic return with the benefit-to-cost ratio schemes. The findings suggest that the WW irrigation technology would be deployed in the water management of other agricultural areas in the region to overcome the unfavorable geography and alleviate the local farmers' disadvantageous economic conditions.
“…Engkagul (1993) noted that the frequency of severe flooding had increased on the lower Chao Phraya delta, recently occurring every 3 y to 5 y. Increased flooding has been attributed to a variety of factors, including: land subsidence in the Bangkok area due to overpumping groundwater and urban construction; runoff increase due to urbanization; lack of systematic operation of dams and drainage; infilling of klongs (drainage canals) due to urban expansion; sedimentation in the remaining klongs; and urban encroachment directly on the klongs, which restricts flow (Engkagul, 1993;Davivongs et al, 2012;Figure 18.5). The 2011 flooding underscores the need for both short (emergency) and long term solutions to increase system resiliency.…”
The causes and impacts of, and emergency responses to, the recent catastrophic flooding in northern and central Thailand, including Bangkok, are reviewed. A number of short term and long term engineering solutions have been proposed to avoid or minimize future flooding impacts. Low impact development (LID) technologies might be one reasonable, sustainable, approach to solving urban drainage and water quality problems in Bangkok, but the local urban approaches should be integrated with watershed wide planning efforts.PCSWMM was used to model single and multiple LID technologies in a case study of a peri-urban village near Bangkok as a preliminary exploration of LID benefits in terms of stormwater quantity and quality. A 2 y design storm for Thailand was used in the modeling. The design plans of LID technologies, using either CAD or Google SketchUp, were visualized through Google Earth, and were costed using local information.All LID scenarios reduced combined sewer overflow (CSO) volume, CSO pollutant loadings and the durations of surface flooding, although single rain barrels installed at all houses had a relatively small (4% to 9% reduction) impact. This may be related in part to the fact that a 2 y storm in Thailand is more similar to a 50 y or 100 y storm in northeastern North America. The combined rain barrel and bioretention cell scenarios offered the greatest control in reducing CSO discharges, but the costs may be prohibitive in Thailand at present.
“…Water resources in the natural ecosystems is a vital global economic resource [1].Malawi is amongst the countries in the world endowed with a variety of fresh water systems [2]. The water systems in Malawi include Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe, Shire River which forms part of African great rift valleys, Lake Chilwa, Chia lagoon and several networks of river systems [3] Although, Malawi is known to have variety of water systems, it is documented as a water-stressed country and projected to be water scarce by 2025 if nothing is done to mitigate the impending crises [4][5].…”
(1) Background: Water resources at Chia lagoon experience possible threat to its sustainability. Communities are seeking alternatives to improve water quality at the lagoon. The study evaluated the extent at which local communities are WTP to improve water quality at Chia lagoon and the influencing factors. (2) Methods: A study was conducted at Chia lagoon, Western Part of Lake Malawi from November, 2015 to March, 2016. Wide range of data collection approaches such as household surveys, exploratory surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observation were employed. A sample of 240 households were selected randomly. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors influence WTP. (3) Results: Out of 240 respondents, 57.4% expressed WTP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05) relationship between demographic (Gender, age, literacy level), social-economic (Land ownership, main agriculture water source and income) and institution (civic education and social network, extension, water user rights) factors and WTP. (4) Conclusion: The findings from this study provide significant clues for further research and baseline information for local government and local communities in development of more effective and holistic approaches to improve water quality.
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