Negative sputum smear results in HIV-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lusaka, Zambia

Elliott, Alison M.; Namaambo, K.; Allen, B.W.; Luo, N.; Hayes, Richard; Pobee, J. O. M.; McAdam, Keith P. W. J.

doi:10.1016/0962-8479(93)90010-u

Cited by 161 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This might be due to the variation in the concentration of AFB in the sputum and the rate of caseation necrosis. Studies have shown that HIV infected patients are twice as likely to have sputum smear-negative, and culturepositive pulmonary TB which results from their compromised immune response leading to less cavity formation (Elliott et al, 1993;Nunn et al, 1994). Therefore, performing culture tests for all HIV infected SNPTB patients may be the entry point.…”

Section: Hiv Co-infection Among Tb Patients Is Well Recognized Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients in Dabat, northwest Ethiopia

Tadesse¹

2013

J. Infect. Dis. Immun.

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV co-infection among TB patients in Dabat district, northwest Ethiopia. Medical records of 1086 pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients registered from 2009 to 2012 at two health centers in the district were reviewed. HIV status was determined on 849 (78.2%) patients. The prevalence of HIV co-infection was 97 (11.4%). The majority, 61 (62.9%) and 90 (92.8%) of them were females and belonged to socio-economically productive age group, respectively. About half, 48 (49.5%) were smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients. In conclusion, these findings call for an emergency reaction through strengthening the tuberculosis and HIV collaborative activities, decentralizing the diagnostic and treatment centers to reach the periphery, providing women and young-age targeted interventions, stepping up early diagnosis and treatment initiation, improving nutritional supplementation to boost immunity, and providing prophylaxis to prevent opportunistic infections. Performing culture tests for all HIV infected smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients is also recommended.

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Section: Hiv Co-infection Among Tb Patients Is Well Recognized Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients in Dabat, northwest Ethiopia

Tadesse¹

2013

J. Infect. Dis. Immun.

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“…However, its limited sensitivity (detection limit: 1000 bacilli/ ml of sputum) and specificity (identifies only acid fast bacilli) [3] make it less dependable than other methods, especially in cases of poor sputum quality and low mycobacteria content [4][5][6]. The culture method is the gold standard because it is more sensitive than microscopy and highly specific [3] However, most routine laboratories do not culture for Mycobacteria tuberculosis (M. tuberculossis) due to the slow turnaround time (three to eight weeks) of the Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) method [7] or the high cost and lack of advanced technology needed for the more sensitive automated methods [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a DNA based PCR method with conventional methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis in Jos, Nigeria

Ani¹,

Okpe

Akambi³

et al. 2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: To achieve early diagnosis and effective treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, simple and sensitive methods that enhance the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) from clinical specimens are needed. This study compared the effectiveness and suitability of an insertion sequence (IS 6110) based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with conventional methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis from clinical specimens in a resource-limited setting. Methods: Sputa from 101 HIV-positive patients and 40 clinical specimens (sputa, gastic wash out, ascitic fluid, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid) collected from children (HIV status unknown), all suspected for pulmonary tuberculosis at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, (JUTH) Nigeria, were examined by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy, Lowenstein Jensen's (LJ) egg-based culture, and PCR methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis Results: Mycobacteria was detected in 45/101 (44.6%) of the specimens from the HIV-positive patients and comprised of 6% ZN

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“…The large proportion of smear negative pulmonary TB cases might be due to high proportion of TB-HIV co-infection at the study area, as shown by a previous study [15]. HIV-infected patients are twice as likely to have sputum smear-negative, culture-positive pulmonary TB [23][24][25].This may result from their compromised immune response cause less cavity development [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients under Directly Observed Treatment of Short Course in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

Disassa¹,

Teklu²,

Tafess³

et al. 2015

Gen Med (Los Angel)

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A retrospective study was conducted to assess TB treatment outcome and thus evaluate DOTS programme in Benishangul Gumuz Region, western Ethiopia. The records of 3658 TB patients registered in the two hospitals between November, 2003 and October, 2012 at DOTS Clinics were analyzed. From the total patients, 2,223 (60.77%) were successfully treated, 315 (8.61%) lost to follow up, 341 (9.32%) died, 4 (0.11%) failed treatment and 775 (21.19%) not evaluated. There is no association in treatment success rate between new and previously treated patients (60.55% vs. 58.33%, X 2 =0.14; P>0.704). When transferred out (not evaluated) is excluded, the success rate was increased approximately by a rate of 0.03 times while the time is increased by one year (β=0.03106; CI=0.0218-0.0403). Smear negative pulmonary TB patients had 1.24 times low treatment success rate (64.08% vs. 58.07%; CI=1.02-1.51; P<0.001) compared to smear positive. Patients from Pawe areas had 1.34 times lower treatment success rate compared to cases from Assosa (64.91% vs. 58.57%; CI=1.16-1.55). Not evaluated and lost to follow up rates were higher in Pawe (24.93% vs. 14.16%; X 2 =38.66; P<0.001 and 10.10% vs. 5.82%; X 2 =16.40; P<0.001 respectively) while death rate was higher in Assosa (14.95% vs. 6.33%; X 2 =59.05; P<0.001). Accordingly, males and elders had the trend to be more likely to experience death. In conclusion, the treatment success rate of TB patients was low which accounts for 60.77%. Low treatment success and high proportion of death (9.32%) and defaulted (8.61%) rates are serious public health concerns that point out low DOTs programme performance in the study areas.

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Negative sputum smear results in HIV-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lusaka, Zambia

Cited by 161 publications

References 6 publications

HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients in Dabat, northwest Ethiopia

HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients in Dabat, northwest Ethiopia

Comparison of a DNA based PCR method with conventional methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis in Jos, Nigeria

Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients under Directly Observed Treatment of Short Course in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

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