“…Several references have studied the performance of protective relay schemes under IBRs including line distance protection [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]16,18], negative sequence components based protection [8,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][24][25][26], communication-assisted protection [15,24,25], fault identification (FID) [15,24,25], rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF), and power swing protection [14,16,27]. This paper reviews the key findings of these studies; further, the paper studies for the first time the performance of memory-polarized directional overcurrent protective relay elements, line current differential (LCD) protection, and phase comparison (PC) protection under IBRs.…”