Phasor-domain Dynamic Model of Asymmetric Current Injection Controller for Converter-interfaced Generator

Almeida, Victor A. F.; Taranto, G.N.; Marinho, Jose M. T.

doi:10.35833/mpce.2021.000407

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, they did not discuss the non-zero active current injection in the negative sequence. In most of the manuscripts where the UF is discussed, only the reactive current injection in the negative sequence is considered [14][15][16].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Novel Control Scheme to Achieve the Minimum Unbalance Factor and Real Power Fluctuations under Asymmetrical Faults

Abubakar,

Renner,

Schürhuber

2023

Energies

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The increasing share of converter-based renewable energy sources in the power system has forced the system operators to demand voltage support from the converters in case of faults. In the case of symmetric faults, all the phases have equal voltage support, but in the case of asymmetric faults, selective voltage support is required. The grid codes define the voltage support required in the case of symmetric/asymmetric faults, which is the reactive current injection in the respective sequence proportional to its voltage dip, but studies confirm that it does not result in a minimum unbalance factor in the case of asymmetric faults. The unbalance factor is an indication of the level of imbalance voltage among the phases. Moreover, it also results in fluctuated active power injection in the case of asymmetric faults, which causes dc link voltage fluctuations, and the power reversal may also occur due to such fluctuations, which leads to higher protection costs for the dc link. In order to (1) enhance the uniformity of voltage among different phases in the case of asymmetric faults and (2) minimize the real power fluctuations in such conditions, a novel control scheme is presented in this paper. It optimally distributes the negative sequence current phasor into its active and reactive components to achieve the minimum voltage unbalance factor. It also confirms the minimum real power fluctuations by adjusting the positive and negative sequence current phasors. The proposed scheme also ensures the current limit of the converter. The proposed scheme is developed in Matlab/Simulink and tested under different faulty conditions. The results confirm the better performance of the proposed scheme against the grid code recommendation under different faulty conditions.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control gains for PLL are discussed in [28]. The expressions for the negative sequence of current components are discussed in [8] and given in (15).…”

Section: K-factors Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Control Scheme to Achieve the Minimum Unbalance Factor and Real Power Fluctuations under Asymmetrical Faults

Abubakar,

Renner,

Schürhuber

2023

Energies

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“…Due to the requirements established by the newest grid codes, negative sequence current injection strategies during unbalanced faults have been extensively covered by the literature for GFL converters [39][40][41][42]. However, this has not yet been achieved with GFM converters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Control Strategy for Grid-Forming Voltage Source Converters Based on the Virtual-Flux Orientation under Balanced and Unbalanced Faults

et al. 2023

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Renewable power generation has increased in recent years, which has led to a decrease in the use of synchronous generators (SGs). These power plants are mainly connected to the power system through electronic converters. One of the main differences between electronic converters connected to power systems and SGs connected to the grid is the current contribution during faults, which can have an impact on protection systems. New grid codes set requirements for fast current injection, but the converters’ maximum current limitation during faults make it challenging to develop control strategies for such current contribution. This paper presents a positive and negative sequence current injection strategy according to the new Spanish grid code requirements for the novel grid-forming converter control algorithm based on virtual-flux orientation. The behavior of the proposed strategy is tested in a hardware in the loop (HiL) experimental set-up under balanced faults, meaning that the fault is symmetrically distributed among the three phases, and unbalanced faults, where the fault current is distributed asymmetrically between the phases.

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“…The intermittence of IIDGs leads to the variable amplitudes and directions of the fault power. Such variations result in the limitations of the application of traditional protection methods in RMGs [10]- [12]. An optimization technique of time multiplying setting (TMS) was proposed in [13] to improve the limitations in the tripping characteristics of overcurrent relays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Microgrid Protection Strategy Coordinating with Current-based Fault Control

Wang

Mu²,

Fang³

2022

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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The renewable microgrid (RMG) is a critical way to organize and utilize new energy. Its control and protection strategies during the fault are the core technologies to ensure the safe operation and stability of the system. The traditional protection principles are unsuitable for RMGs due to the flexibility of RMG operation, the complexity of RMG topology, and the variety of fault control strategies of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs). The traditional fault component protection principle is affected by the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) control strategy and will fail in some scenarios. In order to make the fault component protection principle available in every scenario, a current-based fault control strategy is proposed. Specific fault characteristics are generated by the gridfeeding IIDGs during the fault so they can be equivalent to the open circuits, and the fault models in additional network can be simplified. By analyzing the fault characteristics, an RMG protection strategy based on the current-based fault control of IIDGs is presented. The fault directions of feeders can be distinguished and the fault feeder can be located accurately in both grid-connected and islanded RMGs. Then, the grid-feeding IIDGs can transit to LVRT mode smoothly. Thus, IIDGs are considered comprehensively in terms of coordinating with fault control and fault characteristic generation. Finally, the experimental results of the hardware platform prove the effectiveness of the proposed current-based fault control strategy, and the simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC verify the correctness of the protection strategy.

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Phasor-domain Dynamic Model of Asymmetric Current Injection Controller for Converter-interfaced Generator

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Development of a Novel Control Scheme to Achieve the Minimum Unbalance Factor and Real Power Fluctuations under Asymmetrical Faults

Development of a Novel Control Scheme to Achieve the Minimum Unbalance Factor and Real Power Fluctuations under Asymmetrical Faults

Sequence Control Strategy for Grid-Forming Voltage Source Converters Based on the Virtual-Flux Orientation under Balanced and Unbalanced Faults

Renewable Microgrid Protection Strategy Coordinating with Current-based Fault Control

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