Negative-Index Media for Matter-Wave Optics

Baudon, J.; Hamamda, M.; Grucker, Jules; Boustimi, M.; Perales, F.; Dutier, G.; Ducloy, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.140403

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Recently, gradient-index meta-surfaces have been shown to have the ability to manipulate wavefronts at will in a refl ectionless manner. [ 8 ] As an extreme case of this wavefront tailoring, normally incident waves can be bent 90 degrees onto a sample surface, turning into confi ned directional surface waves with high effi ciency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry‐Broken Metamaterial Absorbers as Reflectionless Directional Couplers for Surface Plasmon Polaritons in the Visible Range

Fan

Burns

Naughton

2014

Advanced Optical Materials

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directional coupling between propagating photons and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the visible range is a growing pursuit, due to its perceived essential role in nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic applications. [11][12][13] Here, we demonstrate that asymmetric, two-element, periodic, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures, perhaps representing the simplest gradient-index scenario, can serve as refl ectionless directional converters between free photons and SPPs operable in the visible frequency range. The simplicity of this two-element MIM structure allows for the fabrication of testable samples for operation with visible light. Simulated dispersion relations of this structure reveal the nature of the high-effi ciency coupling process: interactions between propagating modes caused by the broken refl ection symmetry (RS) and localized modes generated by individual MIM elements that are well understood in the language of MM "perfect absorbers". [ 14,15 ] There are regions in k -space where these interactions are very strong, such that the two modes hybridize to two new quasi-particles, [ 16,17 ] with concomitant Rabi splitting. [ 18,19 ] Experiments on samples with tuned parameters confi rm the simulated dispersion maps, and demonstrate a large Rabi splitting. Absolute refl ectance measurements under normal incidence with small aperture angle (3.75°) on samples with areas less than 60 × 60 µm 2 were carried out using a modifi ed microscope design. This scheme avoids the common problem of averaging over large incident angles when measuring optical properties of small-area samples by conventional methods. [ 20 ] Direct experimental evidence is obtained for refl ectionless (less than 8% measured refl ectance) directional SPP coupling in the visible range, with more than 88.8% of the channeled SPP energy being directed to the designed direction. Our results are meaningful for integrated nanoplasmonics, plasmonic logic, and plasmonic light harvesting, among others. Results and Discussions Localized Mode AnalysisUsing the measurement scheme described in Experimental Section, we performed refl ectance measurements to study Gradient-index meta-surfaces have been shown to have the ability to manipulate wavefronts at will in a refl ectionless manner in the GHz range, including the extreme example of converting freely propagating waves into surface waves with high effi ciency. Upon approaching the optical regime, the gradient-index concept encounters diffi culties due to fabrication limitations. Here, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that asymmetric, periodic, two-element metal-insulator-metal structures can serve as refl ectionless directional converters between freely propagating visible photons and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Coupling between propagating modes caused by the broken symmetry and localized modes generated by individual elements is shown to be the mechanism of this high-effi ciency process, yielding an observed Rabi splitting of ∼135 meV. Direct experimental evidence is obtained fo...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry‐Broken Metamaterial Absorbers as Reflectionless Directional Couplers for Surface Plasmon Polaritons in the Visible Range

Fan

Burns

Naughton

2014

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Among these studies, coherent splitting of atomic beams is a key technique [1,[17][18][19]. Matter-wave Bragg diffraction, analogous to diffraction of an optical beam by a periodic medium, has been intensively investigated for splitting a matter wave into a superposition of momentum states using an optical lattice [20][21][22] or a magnetic lattice [23][24][25]. High-momentum transfer splitters are essential for high-precision atom interferometers [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Bragg diffraction of a matter wave driven by a pulsed nonuniform magnetic field

et al. 2013

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We have performed a principle-proof experiment of a magneto-optical diffraction (MOD) technique that requires no energy level splitting by a homogeneous magnetic field and a circularly polarized optical lattice, avoiding system errors in an interferometer based on the MOD. The principle for this MOD is that asynchronized switching of the quadrupole trap and the Ioffe trap in a quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration trap can generate a residual magnetic force to drive a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to move. We have observed asymmetric atomic diffraction resulting from the asymmetric distribution of the Bloch eigenstates involved in the diffraction process when the condensate is driven by such a force, and matter-wave self-imaging due to coherent population oscillation of the dominantly occupied Bloch eigenstates. We have classified the mechanisms that lead to symmetric or asymmetric diffraction and found that our experiment presents a magnetic alternative to a moving optical lattice, with a great potential to achieve a very large momentum transfer (>110hk) to a BEC using well-developed magnetic trapping techniques.

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“…Experimental demonstration of this kind * jacques.baudon@univ-paris13.fr of force acting on atoms has been achieved on metastable hydrogen in a Stern-Gerlach interferometer [6]. As shown in a previous paper [7] for the case of comoving magnetic potential, for sufficiently large values of τ 1 (τ 1 τ ), this potential transforms the initial atomic wave function (for a given value of k) 0 into = exp[iϕ 1 (k,t)] 0 , where the phase shift is given by…”

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confidence: 81%

“…As a consequence, the motion of the center of a synchronized wave packet is altered: the group velocity becomes v =hk 0 /m − [∂ t ∂ k ϕ 1 ] k 0 , k 0 being the center of the momentum distribution. This effect has been theoretically investigated at small velocities with metastable argon atoms Ar*( 3 P 2 ) to make negative values of v, creating de facto a negative-index "meta-medium" for matter waves [7]. Actually expression (1) of the phase shift is obtained using the WKB or short-wavelength approximation in which the spatial variation of the potential is assumed to be small at the de Broglie wavelength scale, i.e., λ dB .…”

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confidence: 99%

Atom slowing via dispersive optical interactions

et al. 2012

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A promising technique of atom slowing is proposed. It is based upon the dispersive interaction of atoms with optical potential pulses generated by a far-off-resonance standing wave modulated in time. Each pulse reduces the velocity by a small amount. By repeating the process thousands of times, the velocity can be lowered from several hundreds of meters per second down to almost zero, over a path as short as 20 cm. In the absence of any random recoil process, the initial characteristics of the beam are preserved.

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Negative-Index Media for Matter-Wave Optics

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Symmetry‐Broken Metamaterial Absorbers as Reflectionless Directional Couplers for Surface Plasmon Polaritons in the Visible Range

Symmetry‐Broken Metamaterial Absorbers as Reflectionless Directional Couplers for Surface Plasmon Polaritons in the Visible Range

Bragg diffraction of a matter wave driven by a pulsed nonuniform magnetic field

Atom slowing via dispersive optical interactions

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