Negative frequency-dependent selection maintains a dramatic flower color polymorphism in the rewardless orchid
            <i>Dactylorhiza sambucina</i>
            (L.) Soò

Gigord, Luc D. B.; Macnair, Mark R.; Smithson, Ann

doi:10.1073/pnas.111162598

Cited by 330 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nectar production can be physiologically costly for the plant (Brandenburg et al 2009;Pyke 1991;Southwick 1984). Nevertheless most angiosperms produce a nectar reward for pollinators, while well-studied cases like deceptive orchids are the exception (Duffy and Stout 2008;Gigord et al 2002Gigord et al , 2004Internicola et al 2006;Sun et al 2010). The persistence of deceptive orchids demonstrates that cheating can be an evolutionarily stable strategy under certain circumstances (Jersakova et al 2006;Maynard-Smith 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable responses of hawkmoths to nectar-depleted plants in two native Petunia axillaris (Solanaceae) populations

Brandenburg

Bshary

2011

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Pollination success of deceptive orchids is affected by the density and distribution of nectar providing plant species and overall plant density. Here we extended the framework of how plant density can affect pollination to examine how it may promote the success of plant intraspecific cheaters. We compared hawkmoth behaviour in two native populations of Petunia axillaris, where we simultaneously offered rewarding and manually depleted P. axillaris. We asked whether pollinator foraging strategies change as a function of plant density and whether such changes may differentially affect nectarless plants. We observed the first choice and number of flowers visited by pollinators and found that in the dense population, pollinators visited more flowers on rewarding plants than on nectar-depleted plants. In the sparse population, such discrimination was absent. As we found no differences in nectar volume between plants of the two populations, the observed differences in plant density may be temporal. We reason that if differences were more permanent, an equivalent of the remote habitat hypothesis prevails: in a sparse population, cheating plants benefit from the absence of inter-and intraspecific competitors because pollinators tend to visit all potential resources. In a denser population, a pollinator's optimal foraging strategy involves more selectivity. This would cause between-plant competition for pollinators in a pollinator-limited context, which applies to most hawkmoth-pollinated systems. We propose that nectar-provisioning of plants can be density-dependant, with cheaters able to persist in low density areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable responses of hawkmoths to nectar-depleted plants in two native Petunia axillaris (Solanaceae) populations

Brandenburg

Bshary

2011

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…Flower color has been shown to be a major determinant of plant fitness, not only because of preferential visitation by pollinators (Waser andPrice 1981, 1983;Brown and Clegg 1984;Stanton 1987;Stanton et al 1989;Rausher and Fry 1993;Jones 1996;Gigord et al 2001;Jones and Reithel 2001), but also because of pleiotropic relationships (reviewed in Armbruster 2002). For example, there is growing evidence for genetically based associations between the expression of floral pigments and vegetative performance variables such as general plant vigor (Levin and Brack 1995), herbivore defense (Simms and Bucher 1996;Frey 2004;Strauss et al 2004) and stress tolerance (Schemske and Bierzychudek 2001;Warren and Mackenzie 2001;Coberly and Rausher 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF POPULATION STRUCTURE IN TWO SUBSPECIES OFNIGELLA DEGENII: EVIDENCE FOR DIVERSIFYING SELECTION ON POLLEN‐COLOR DIMORPHISMS

2006

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Abstract. Flower color can be a major determinant of plant fitness, not only because of preferential visitation by pollinators but also because of pleiotropic relationships between the expression of floral pigments and biochemically related compounds that influence vegetative performance variables. Different environments may therefore favor different pigmentation phenotypes. We examined whether spatially varying selection has played a major role in shaping large-scale patterns of differentiation in two subspecies of Nigella degenii (Ranunculaceae), with particular emphasis on pollen color. The two subspecies appear to have been genetically isolated for substantial periods of time and, therefore, provide a ''replicated test'' for the effect of natural selection. Estimates of population structure based on a suite of floral and vegetative characters were compared with the corresponding data for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, which were assumed to be selectively neutral. We found low levels of genetic structure within the subspecies using both the AFLP markers (F ST Յ 0.05) and quantitative characters (Q ST Յ 0.15), with no statistically significant differences between the two measures. There is, therefore, no evidence of diversifying selection being important in structuring variation in quantitative characters within each of the two subspecies. In contrast, estimates of differentiation in pollen color (F ST Ն 0.10) significantly exceeded the neutral expectations (estimated from AFLP data), suggesting that local adaptation has played a key role in the evolution of this monogenic character.

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“…20% of British flora; [15]), well documented and have a long history of study. Pollinators are commonly implicated in maintenance of polymorphisms because their colour preferences may differ among guilds or individuals, over time or space, or with morph frequency [16][17][18][19][20]. Even so, pollinator-mediated selection on colour may be absent or consistently favouring one morph, which should act with genetic drift to eliminate polymorphism [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrapolating from local ecological processes to genus-wide patterns in colour polymorphism in South AfricanProtea

Carlson

Holsinger

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Polymorphic traits are central to many fundamental discoveries in evolution, yet why they are found in some species and not others remains poorly understood. We use the African genus Protea-within which more than 40% of species have co-occurring pink and white floral colour morphs-to ask whether convergent evolution and ecological similarity could explain the genus-wide pattern of polymorphism. First, we identified environmental correlates of pink morph frequency across 28 populations of four species. Second, we determined whether the same correlates could predict species-level polymorphism and monomorphism across 31 species. We found that pink morph frequency increased with elevation in Protea repens and three section Exsertae species, increased eastward in P. repens, and increased with seed predation intensity in section Exsertae. For cross-species comparisons, populations of monomorphic pink species occurred at higher elevations than populations of monomorphic white species, and 18 polymorphic species spanned broader elevational gradients than 13 monomorphic species. These results suggest that divergent selection along elevational clines has repeatedly favoured polymorphism, and that more uniform selection in altitudinally restricted species may promote colour monomorphism. Our findings are, to our knowledge, the first to link selection acting within species to the presence and absence of colour polymorphism at broader phylogenetic scales.

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Negative frequency-dependent selection maintains a dramatic flower color polymorphism in the rewardless orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soò

Cited by 330 publications

References 30 publications

Variable responses of hawkmoths to nectar-depleted plants in two native Petunia axillaris (Solanaceae) populations

Variable responses of hawkmoths to nectar-depleted plants in two native Petunia axillaris (Solanaceae) populations

COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF POPULATION STRUCTURE IN TWO SUBSPECIES OFNIGELLA DEGENII: EVIDENCE FOR DIVERSIFYING SELECTION ON POLLEN‐COLOR DIMORPHISMS

Extrapolating from local ecological processes to genus-wide patterns in colour polymorphism in South AfricanProtea

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