Negative effects of malachite green and possibilities of its replacement in the treatment of fish eggs and fish: a review

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Malachite green has been used as an effective compound to control external fungal and protozoan infections of fish since 1933 but it has never been registered as a veterinary drug for use in food fish because of its potential carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity in mammals. The present paper reviews negative sideeffects of malachite green including its accumulation and persistence in fish that have been treated and describes other alternative substances for the treatment of fish and fish eggs.

Quantitative detection of trace malachite green in aquiculture water samples by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

“…Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 814 2 of 7 food fish was banned in 2000 [1,3]. Inspection of illegal MG usage also requires high-throughput measurements of surface and ground water samples, especially when the presence of MG residuals was confirmed in aquaculture products in that area.…”

Determination of Malachite Green in Aquaculture Water by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

“…It has been extensively used as a biocide in the aquaculture industry world-wide (Aiderman 1985). However, malachite green and its reduced form, leucomalachite green, have been shown to have toxic effects on the human immune system, reproductive system and to be a potential carcinogen (Srivastava et al 2004;Meyer and Jorgenson 1983;Sudova et al 2007;Gouranchat 2000). Though malachite green is not approved for use in aquaculture in territories such as Canada, the United States (Hernando et al 2006), Europe (European Commission 2002) and Japan, its illegal use will probably continue due to its low cost, ready availability and effectiveness as a pesticide.…”

Bioremediation of Crystal Violet and Malachite Green Dyes by Some Algal Species

“…US Food and Drug Administration in 1991 prohibited malachite green (MG) exploitation in fish farming owing to its alleged carcinogenic possessions (Sudova et al, 2007). Malachite green is an N-methylated diaminotriphenylmethane dye had been extensively used as the most worthwhile antifungal agent in fish farming industry.…”

“…The respective dyes stock solutions were added separately to 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks each one containing 100 ml modified BG11 medium at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ppm. Dye removal was monitored by means of color at two time intervals, i.e., 2 and 24 hr as mentioned by Sudova (2007) for short bath malachite green treatment. The aqueous media containing the tested dye were separated from the biomass using Whatman No.…”