Negative Differential Resistance on Electron Transport through Ultrasmall Particles

Abstract

D b r i e m e n t d'ktrophysique Relativiste et d e Cosmologie O b m t o i r e , 92190 Meudon, France AbsImacL Slatting from the equations of motion obeyed by fields, as they result from general approximations [they are m!ia to be of the following form [k2n(k)]+ = 0, for quasi bosons, and a similar equation for quasifermions] a lagmgian formalism is derived and, accordingly, consewed quantities are obtained. Next these fields are quantized and general expressions for the main observables are derived. Statistical mechanics of quasiparlicles then follow via the use of covariant Wigner functions.

Nonvolatile Memory Elements Based on Organic Materials

“…This is sometimes referred to as Coulomb blockade. [26,70,[88][89][90][91] In a similar vein, highly correlated electron effects have been suggested as a possible mechanism. [92,93] The incorporation of metallic nanoparticles into the organic layer, either deliberately [42,70,71,87] or accidentally during deposition of the top electrode, [23,26] is frequently found to give devices that switch, sometimes even reliably and reproducibly.…”

“…These ideas were extended by Tang et al [26] who discussed the transport and switching in terms of Coulomb blockade in various configurations of NPs. [89][90][91] The simplest example is a ring of 4 NPs, which has been shown to exhibit NDR [91] and is initially off, because the first injected charge is trapped on the NP closest to the electrode and sets up the blockade. Conductance returns at higher voltage when the equilibrium position of the trapped charge is on one of the central NPs.…”

Analysis of negative differential conductance in a two-island Coulomb blockade system by a polytope approximation in phase space

“…Using this polytope 10 approximation, the explanation of NDC is simply described. The condition for NDC to occur is then derived from this interpretation and the system is related to the device of Nakashima et al 3,4 The transition rate in Orthodox Theory 11 for a hole tunneling through a tunnel resistance R kl from island k to island ᐉ is,…”

“…Previously, Nakashima and Uozumi have demonstrated NDC in a linear array of seven 3 and a nine 4 islands in the context of a zig-zag conduction path through a granular system between two electrodes. The results were explained in terms of the competition between the forward rates of injection of charge into the array with increasing bias and the reduction of the tunneling rate across a junction that is against the electric field set up by the source-drain bias and so this rate reduces with increasing bias.…”

Memory Effect and Negative Differential Resistance by Electrode‐ Induced Two‐Dimensional Single‐ Electron Tunneling in Molecular and Organic Electronic Devices

“…This can be illustrated by, for example, the theoretical study of a ring-shaped model, made of conducting spheres to form a parallel charge path, [30] or a zigzag model, where charges tunnel through a series of nanoparticles in two dimensions. [31] A simplified model was analyzed in terms of four metal islands. [35] Corresponding to the applied voltage, one or two electrons can be injected into the islands.…”