“…Given these self‐evident assumptions, and if using negatively valenced words is ostensibly not a good strategy because they unconsciously activate a “repulsion” reaction from consumers, why do many successful brands in the marketplace employ negatively valenced branding (e.g., Affliction clothing, Fat Bastard wine, Urban Decay cosmetics, Garbage , and Poison perfume)? Here, “valenced” branding refers to the use of positive versus negative words or images to “brand” or represent products and elicit pleasant versus unpleasant emotions, hence approach versus avoidance from consumers, respectively (Frijda, 1986; Guest, Estes, Gibbert, & Mazursky, 2016; Manolică, Mititiuc, & Roman, 2018).…”