Nectar supplementation changes pollinator behaviour and pollination mode in<i>Pedicularis dichotoma</i>: implications for evolutionary transitions

Tong, Ze‐Yu; Wang, Xiangping; Wu, Ling‐Yun; Huang, Shuang‐Quan

doi:10.1093/aob/mcy102

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…This is necessary in high mountain systems, because the abundance and efficiency of pollinators and their diversity generally decrease with altitude, which increase the competition pressure with co-flowering plant species (Totland & Sottocornola, 2001; Körner, 2003; Mitchell et al, 2009). For example, increasing nectar in Pedicularis species enhanced pollinator attraction (Tong et al, 2018). Thus, the abaxial nectary present in the species of the HDM clade may be an adaptation to higher altitudes to improve pollinator attraction (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAD sequencing data reveal a radiation of willow species (SalixL., Salicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas

Wagner

Hoerandl

2020

Preprint

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AbstractThe Hengduan Mountains (HDM) in South West China are an important hotspot of plant diversity and endemism and considered to be a secondary diversification center for the woody plant genus Salix (Salicaceae). This study aimed to reconstruct the spatio-temporal evolution of the Salix Chamaetia-Vetrix clade in the HDM and to test for the occurrence of a radiation. We inferred phylogenetic relationships based on more than 34,000 RAD loci of 27 species. Phylogenetic analyses recovered a well-resolved tree topology with two major clades, the Eurasian and the HDM clade and a divergence time of c. 23.9 Ma. The HDM clade comprises two subclades. The species of the HDM clade originated in north HDM and adjacent areas and then dispersed into the south HDM, westwards to the Himalayas and eastwards to the Qinling Mountains. Niche modelling analyses revealed that during the last glacial maximum, range contractions were observed in the northern areas, while southward expansions resulted in range overlaps. The reconstruction of putative adaptive character evolution of plant height, inflorescence and flower morphology indicate that adaptations to altitudinal distribution contributed to the diversification of the HDM willows. Our data indicate that a radiation occurred in HDM within the Salix Chamaetia-Vetrix clade. Dispersal within the mountain system and to adjacent regions as well as survival in glacial refugia have shaped the biogeographical history of the clade. Differentiation along altitudinal zonation concomitant to morphological adaptations to colder climates may be important ecological factors for the high species diversity of Salix in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RAD sequencing data reveal a radiation of willow species (SalixL., Salicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas

Wagner

Hoerandl

2020

Preprint

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“…Conversely, in our study, the handling behavior of pollinators was consistent both within and among bee species (and consistent with observations of others, e.g., Dunn, 1956; Harder, 1990) on the bilaterally symmetrical flowers of Lupinus argenteus regardless of the nectar status of flowers. Further, Tong et al (2018) described an increased visitation frequency to nectar‐supplemented flowers, an effect that was absent in L. argenteus . We offer two hypotheses to explain this difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only other experimental field study of which we are aware that compares the effects of nectar only and nectar + pollen reward strategies in a pollen‐rewarding species was performed in the Himalayas by Tong et al (2018). Contrary to the results presented here, Tong et al (2018) describe negative effects of nectar addition on plant reproduction in the pollen‐rewarding Pedicularis dichotoma Bonati (Orobanchaceae). They suggest that these effects are the result of altered body positioning and floral handling in bee pollinators foraging on nectar‐added and nectarless inflorescences owing to the asymmetrical floral architecture of this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, even closely related and co‐occurring bee taxa vary widely in their foraging behaviors (e.g., Irwin and Maloof, 2002) and their responses to resource availability (e.g., Ogilvie and Forrest, 2017). Thus, differences in foraging behavior between the pollinators of P. dichotoma ( Bombus friseanus ) (Tong et al, 2018) and L. argenteus (primarily B. bifarius ) may drive differences in the outcomes of nectar addition. More studies are needed to understand whether or not there are general patterns associated with the effects of nectar addition on pollinator behavior and plant reproduction in strictly pollen rewarding species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nectar addition changes pollinator behavior but not plant reproduction in pollen‐rewarding Lupinus argenteus

Heiling

Bronstein

Irwin

2021

American J of Botany

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In addition to its role as the male gamete, pollen is often used as a food reward for pollinators. Roughly 20,000 species of angiosperms are strictly pollen-rewarding, providing no other rewards to their pollinators. However, the influence of this strategy on pollinator behavior and plant reproduction is poorly understood, especially relative to the nectar-reward strategy. We performed a field experiment using the strictly pollenrewarding Lupinus argenteus to explore how the absence of nectar influences pollinator behavior and plant reproduction. METHODS: We added artificial nectar to Lupinus argenteus individuals to simulate a phenotype that would reward pollinators with both nectar and pollen. We compared bee pollinator behavior, via direct observation, and female reproduction between nectaradded and nectarless control plants. RESULTS: Bees exhibited behavioral responses to the novel reward, collecting nectar as well as pollen and spending 27% longer per flower. Pollen transfer increased with flower visit duration. However, plants in the study population were not pollen-limited; consequently, the observed changes in pollinator behavior did not result in changes in female components of plant reproduction. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of nectar to pollen-rewarding plants resulted in modest increases in per-flower pollinator visit duration and pollen transfer, but had no effect on reproduction because, at the place and time the experiment was conducted, plants were not pollen-limited. These results suggest that a pollen-only reward strategy may allow plants that are visited by pollen foragers to minimize some costs of reproduction by eliminating investment in other rewards, such as nectar, without compromising female plant fitness.

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“…Here arises the question about how evolutionary mechanisms can produce networks in the wide range of the specialist–generalist spectrum, when plant and pollinator species often have different interests. The situation is further complicated because plants evolve to attract new pollinators over evolutionary time while pollinators can adapt foraging behaviour within days (Burd, 1995; Tong et al ., 2019). Previous modelling studies have linked specialised pollination networks to scenarios in which the density of a certain species is high and constant over time (Waser et al ., 1996; Sargent and Otto, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary stability of plant–pollinator networks: efficient communities and a pollination dilemma

et al. 2020

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Mutualistic interactions between species are ubiquitous in nature and essential for ecosystem functioning. Often dozens or even hundreds of species with different degrees of specialisation form complex networks. How this complexity evolves is a fundamental question in ecology. Here, we present a new game theoretical approach to model complex coevolutionary processes and apply it to pollination networks. A theoretical analysis reveals multiple evolutionary stable network structures that depend on the availability of pollination service. In particular, we find efficient communities, in which a high percentage of pollen are transported conspecifically, to evolve only when plant and pollinator abundances are well balanced. Both pollinator shortage and oversupply select for more inefficient network structures. The results suggest that availability of pollination services is a key factor structuring pollination networks and may offer a new explanation for geographical differences in pollination communities that have long been recognised by ecologists.

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Nectar supplementation changes pollinator behaviour and pollination mode inPedicularis dichotoma: implications for evolutionary transitions

Cited by 18 publications

References 71 publications

RAD sequencing data reveal a radiation of willow species (SalixL., Salicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas

RAD sequencing data reveal a radiation of willow species (SalixL., Salicaceae) in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas

Nectar addition changes pollinator behavior but not plant reproduction in pollen‐rewarding Lupinus argenteus

Evolutionary stability of plant–pollinator networks: efficient communities and a pollination dilemma

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