Necrosis Following Administration of Levarterenol During Shock

Skin Necrosis in Nor‐adrenaline Therapy

“…Further reports by Irvin and Bunch (1954) and Wall and Hanlon (1956) supported the impression that administration via the leg carries a greater hazard than the use of an arm vein. Also it became evident that necrosis could not be avoided merely by eliminating risk of subcutaneous extravasation around the needle or cannula.…”

Ischemia of the Hand Secondary to Levarterenol Bitartrate Extravasation

“…Maternal mortality without treatment has been reported to vary from 15% to 60%.2,3 The usual therapy consists of anticoagulation with sodium heparin or sodium warfarin. 4 However, when sodium warfarin is used, the fetal mortality rate (18%) is excessive. Fatal results from recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism have been reported in patients in which the anticoagulant state was maintained with sodium heparin.5,6 Ligation of the inferior vena cava and ovarian veins offers near absolute protection against further and possibly fatal pulmonary embolism.…”

Local Skin Necrosis after Intravenous Infusion of Norepinephrine, and the Concept of Endotoxinaemia

“…Intravenous infusion of norepinephrine has since 1949 been used in the treatment of shock ( I 5). Local skin necrosis at the site of the infusion has been reported in about 150 cases (5,7,8,9,19,26,27,29,35,37,38,45, and others).…”