Neck circumference in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: High neck circumference (NC) is associated with high burden diseases in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC). NC complements established anthropometric measurements for early identification of cardio-metabolic and other illnesses. However, evidence about NC has not been systematically studied in LAC. We aimed to estimate the mean NC and the prevalence of high NC in LAC. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and LILACS. Search results were screened and studied by two reviewers independently. To assess risk of bias of individual studies, we used the Hoy et al. scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In total, 182 abstracts were screened, 96 manuscripts were reviewed and 85 studies (n= 51,978) were summarized. From all the summarized studies, 14 were conducted in a sample of the general population, 23 were conducted with captive populations and 49 studies were conducted with patients. The pooled mean NC in the general population was 35.69 cm (95% IC: 34.85cm-36.53cm; I²: 99.6%). In our patient populations, the pooled mean NC in the obesity group was 42.56cm (95% CI 41.70cm-43.42cm; I²: 92.40%). Across all studied populations, there were several definitions of high NC; thus, prevalence estimates were not comparable. The prevalence of high NC ranged between 37.00% and 57.69% in the general population. The methodology to measure NC was not consistently reported. Conclusions: Mean NC in LAC appears to be in the range of estimates from other world regions. Inconsistent methods and definitions hamper cross-country comparisons and time trend analyses. There is a need for consistent and comparable definitions of NC so that it can be incorporated as a standard anthropometric indicator in surveys and epidemiological studies.

Effect of myofunctional therapy on snoring in obese patients: a randomized trial

“…Application of the ESS showed no change after treatment, unlike other studies 15 , 18 , 23 that observed improvement in sleepiness. However, the present results agree with those reported by Ieto et al (2015) 13 and Kayamori (2015) 15 who also found no improvement in sleepiness after MT.…”

“…We believe that the fact that the study took place during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may be linked to weight gain, as reported in some studies [20][21][22] . Espinoza-López et al (2021) 23 suggested neck circumference as an anthropometric indicator since it is intimately related to different diseases, including obesity. Therefore, the correlation found between neck circumference and the energy/ fatigue and emotional well-being health components of the SF-36 demonstrates that neck circumference is not only a physical measure but may also be an indicator of important health issues.…”