Necessity and ways to increase adaptive potential of dried land in changeable climatic conditions

Abstract

The ongoing climate change threatens a significant decrease in productivity in crop and livestock production, as well as degradation of ecosystems, which poses risks to the food security of the population and the well-being of future generations. The solution to this problem requires the development and implementation of adaptation strategies that can increase the productivity, efficiency and profitability of agricultural production. In accordance with the programmatic international and national documents on this issue (the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, documents in the field of climate diplomacy in Ukraine and the EU as a whole, etc.), states, including Ukraine, have undertaken commitments to allocate funds for adaptation to climate change and preparation for their implementation. In agricultural production, reclamation traditionally plays a leading role in ensuring its sustainable development in adverse climatic conditions. Taking into account the expected climate changes, an extremely important role in adaptation of agriculture to it and, first of all, crop production, is played by water, hydrotechnical, agrotechnical and other types of reclamation. Therefore, there is a need to develop and implement adaptive measures for agricultural production on lands with a regulated water regime, including drained ones, in changeable climatic conditions to effectively counter modern challengesenergy, food and water crises, which are intensifying due to ongoing climate changes. Based on the analysis and generalization of the data of domestic and foreign scientists and specialists, as well as the results of our respective research, an assessment of the current state of changes in the weather and climatic conditions in the Polesie zone and their impact on agricultural production, fertility and moisture supply of soil, the conditions of functioning of water management and reclamation facilities, the natural and reclamation state of the drained lands was given. The general recommendations for the development of adaptive organizational and economic, operational and agrotechnical, construction and project activities that have their own clear goals and are closely interrelated were considered. On this basis, a complex of adaptive agromeliorative, agrotechnical and hydrotechnical measures has been developed and proposed, aimed at a gradual transition to the cultivation of new varieties and types of agricultural crops, effective regulation of the water regime of drained lands and the functioning of drainage systems in variable climatic conditions. This will allow minimizing the negative impact of climate change on soil processes and regimes, growing conditions and productivity of agricultural crops on drained lands using resource-saving technologies, taking into account modern economic and environmental requirements.