Near Work Related Parameters and Myopia in Chinese Children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study

Li, Shiming; Li, Si-Yuan; Kang, Meng-Tian; Zhou, Yuehua; Liu, Luo-Ru; Li, He; Wang, Yipeng; Zhan, Siyan; Gopinath, Bamini; Mitchell, Paul; Wang, Ke

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134514

Cited by 155 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…1) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, as yet a mechanism for myopia development has not been found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important environmental factor that influences the development of myopia is visual near work [4]. Many authors believe that reading, writing, and using a computer lead to a higher prevalence of myopia [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, there have also been some publications that have not found such an association [17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of reading, writing, using a computer, or watching television in the development of myopia

et al. 2016

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INTRODUCTION. The purpose of our investigation was to evaluate in a Polish population the role of reading, writing, using a computer, or watching television in the development of myopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In total 5601 students (2688 boys and 2913 girls, 6-18 years of age, mean 11.9 + 3.2 years) were examined. The children examined were Polish students of elementary and secondary schools. In every student cycloplegia after 1% tropicamide was performed. Non-parametric tests were used due to the SE distribution being significantly different from normal distribution in Kolmogorow-Smirnov test. Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rs) was used to evaluate the strength of correlation between these variables. General linear model was used for multivariate analysis. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS. It has been established that with the increase in time spent on reading and writing, the spherical equivalent (SE) of the examined students decreases (Rs = -0.16, p < 0.000001). It was observed that an increase in the time spent working on a computer correlates with the decrease of the SE (Rs = -0.11, p < 0.000001). No relationship between watching television and the spherical equivalent of the examined schoolchildren was found (Rs = +0.01, p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS. Reading, writing, or using a computer may lead to the development of myopia. Watching television has no influence on the incidence of myopia.

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“…1) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, as yet a mechanism for myopia development has not been found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of reading, writing, using a computer, or watching television in the development of myopia

et al. 2016

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“…The current status of myopia in China has also raised a great deal of attention due to the young age of myopia onset and an increasing prevalence of high myopia in children2. As we know, young children have a progressive nature of myopia development and are sensitive to environmental factors345. Although myopia tends to stabilize at approximately 16 years of age6, children with a younger age of myopia onset are prone to becoming highly myopic at an early stage of life and may suffer from complications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chinese Eye Exercises and Myopia Development in School Age Children: A Nested Case-control Study

Kang

Peng

et al. 2016

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Chinese eye exercises have been implemented in China as an intervention for controlling children’s myopia for over 50 years. This nested case-control study investigated Chinese eye exercises and their association with myopia development in junior middle school children. Outcome measures were the onset and progression of myopia over a two-year period. Cases were defined as 1. Myopia onset (cycloplegic spherical equivalent ≤ −0.5 diopter in non-myopic children). 2. Myopia progression (myopia shift of ≥1.0 diopter in those who were myopic at baseline). Two independent investigators assessed the quality of Chinese eye exercises performance at the end of the follow-up period. Of 260 children at baseline (mean age was 12.7 ± 0.5 years), 201 were eligible for this study. There was no association between eye exercises and the risk of myopia-onset (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.24–2.21), nor myopia progression (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.41–1.53). The group who performed high quality exercises had a slightly lower myopia progression of 0.15 D than the children who did not perform the exercise over a period of 2 years. However, the limited sample size, low dosage and performance quality of Chinese eye exercises in children did not result in statistical significance and require further studies.

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“…It is also known that outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia -table 1 [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. However, lately a number of papers have been published that determined that outdoor activity does not have an influence on the prevalence of myopia -table 2 [18,19,20,21,22,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rola aktywności zewnętrznej w rozwoju krótkowzroczności u dzieci w wieku szkolnym

Czepita

Kuprjanowicz

Safranow

et al. 2017

Pomeranian J Life Sci

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Introduction:The aim of our study was to examine whether outdoor activity influences the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren. Materials and methods: 5601 Polish students of elementary and secondary schools (2688 boys and 2913 girls), 6-18 years of age (mean 11.9 ±3.2 years) were examined. In every student cycloplegia after 1% tropicamide was performed. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated after examination of both eyes. Time spent on outdoor activity was evaluated based on a questionnaire. The obtained results were typed into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed statistically using Statistica 10 software. Non-parametric tests were used due to the SE distribution being significantly different from normal distribution in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rs) was used to evaluate the strength of the correlation between these variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: It has been established that with the increase in time spent on outdoor activity, the spherical equivalent of the examined students significantly increases, but the correlation is very weak (Rs = +0.036, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Outdoor activity slightly reduces the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren. Keywords: outdoor activity; myopia; schoolchildren. ABSTRAKT Wstęp:Celem pracy było sprawdzenie, czy aktywność zewnętrzna wpływa na częstość występowania krótkowzrocz-ności u dzieci w wieku szkolnym. Materiały i metody: Przebadano 5601 polskich uczniów szkół podstawowych i średnich (2688 chłopców i 2913 dziewczynek) w wieku 6-18 lat (średnia 11,9 ±3,2). U wszystkich badanych uczniów wykonano skiaskopię po cykloplegii 1% tropikamidem. Obliczano średni ekwiwalent sferyczny (SE) dla obu oczu. Czas spędzony na aktywności zewnętrznej był oceniany w oparciu o ankietę. Otrzymane wyniki wprowadzono do elektronicznej bazy danych za pomocą programu Excel, a następnie poddano analizie statystycznej przy użyciu programu Statistica 10.Zastosowano testy nieparametryczne, gdyż rozkład SE różnił się istotnie od rozkładu normalnego w teście Kolmogorowa-Smirnowa. Do oceny siły korelacji używano współczynnika korelacji rang Spearmana (Rs). Przyjęto poziom istotności p < 0,05. Wyniki: Wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem czasu spędzo-nego na świeżym powietrzu ekwiwalent sferyczny badanych uczniów rośnie znamiennie, jednak korelacja jest bardzo słaba (Rs = +0,036, p = 0,007). Wniosek: Aktywność zewnętrzna nieznacznie zmniejsza czę-stość występowania krótkowzroczności u dzieci w wieku szkolnym. Słowa kluczowe: aktywność zewnętrzna; krótkowzroczność; dzieci w wieku szkolnym.

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Near Work Related Parameters and Myopia in Chinese Children: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study

Cited by 155 publications

References 25 publications

The role of reading, writing, using a computer, or watching television in the development of myopia

The role of reading, writing, using a computer, or watching television in the development of myopia

Chinese Eye Exercises and Myopia Development in School Age Children: A Nested Case-control Study

Rola aktywności zewnętrznej w rozwoju krótkowzroczności u dzieci w wieku szkolnym

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