Rola aktywności zewnętrznej w rozwoju krótkowzroczności u dzieci w wieku szkolnym

Czepita, Maciej; Kuprjanowicz, Leszek; Safranow, Krzysztof; Mojsa, Artur; Majdanik, Ewa; Ustianowska, Maria; Czepita, Damian

doi:10.21164/pomjlifesci.265

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is probably due to the fact that during distant visual work, there is no spasm of accommodation [3, 4]. This relationship has been also proven by research carried out at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland, achieving a coefficient of statistical significance of p < 0.007 [33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Concerning watching television, most authors believe that it does not have an influence on the development of myopia (Table 1). Outdoor activity however decreases the prevalence of myopia (Table 2) [3, 4, 32, 33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperopia was defined to be spherical equivalent higher than +0.5 D and emmetropia to be higher than −0.5 and lower than +0.5 D. Myopia was defined to be with a SE lower than −0.5 D. Astigmatism did not exceed 0.5 DC. The mean SE was calculated after examination of both eyes [32, 33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Poland, the greatest achievements in myopia research belong to the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin [32, 33]. That is why we decided to present our results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Prevalence of Myopia in Poland

Czepita

Lubiński

2017

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose In the paper, we describe and discuss the results of epidemiological studies concerning myopia carried out in Poland. Materials and Methods Results from the examination of 5601 Polish school children and students (2688 boys and 2913 girls) aged 6 to 18 years were analyzed. The mean age was 11.9 ± 3.2 years. Every examined student had undergone the following examinations: distance visual acuity testing, cover test, anterior segment evaluation, and cycloplegic retinoscopy after instillation of 1% tropicamide, and a questionnaire was taken. Results We have found that (1) intensive near work (writing, reading, and working on a computer) leads to a higher prevalence of myopia, (2) watching television does not influence the prevalence of myopia, and (3) being outdoors decreases the prevalence of myopia. Conclusions The results of our study point to insufficiency of accommodation contributing to the pathogenesis of myopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Poland, the greatest achievements in myopia research belong to the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin [32, 33]. That is why we decided to present our results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Prevalence of Myopia in Poland

Czepita

Lubiński

2017

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Role of Gender in the Prevalence of Myopia among Polish Schoolchildren

Czepita

Safranow

2019

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. The aim of the paper was to study the role of gender in the progression of myopia among Polish schoolchildren. Materials and Methods. 4875 children from elementary schools and high schools were examined (2470 boys, aged 6–16 years, mean age 11.0, SD = 2.6 and 2405 girls, aged 6–16 years, mean age 11.1, SD = 2.6). The examined students were Caucasian and resided in and around Szczecin, Poland. The examination included retinoscopy under cycloplegia. The refractive error readings were reported as spherical equivalent (SE). Myopia was defined as SE of at least −0.5 D. Data analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and 2-sided Fisher’s exact test. p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. It was found that the SE among Polish boys is similar to the SE among Polish girls before the age of 9 years. However, in older children, lower SE values and higher prevalence of myopia were found among girls than boys, both at 9–13 years range (0.45 ± 1.05 vs 0.55 ± 1.23 D, p=0.047 and 8.30% vs 5.71%, p=0.015, respectively) and at 13–16 years range (0.32 ± 1.14 vs 0.54 ± 1.08 D, p=0.0093 and 10.37% vs 5.96%, p=0.0050), respectively. Conclusions. Gender is associated with the prevalence of myopia among Polish schoolchildren ranging from 9 to 16 years of age.

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Significance of Outdoor Time for Myopia Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2019

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Background: Myopia, especially high myopia, would cause damage in the choroid, retina and sclera, thereby leading to vision loss. Although refractive error correction can help improve visual acuity, the pathology of myopia, a global issue, remains unclear and myopia progression, as well as concomitant fundus progression, remains uncontrolled. Under such circumstances, prevention of myopia is of great significance and thus should be prioritized. Objective: To explore whether outdoor time has positive significance for myopia prevention. Search Methods: Databases of Pubmed, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Wanfang Database were searched. The following terms or their combinations were used: myopia, prevention, control, random, randomized, randomization, intervention, outdoor. The full search strategy was shown in the Appendix below. The databases were last searched on October 24, 2018. Selection Criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that participants accepted outdoor activity as an intervention measure for myopia prevention were included. Data Collection and Analysis: Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for included studies. A fixed-effects model was applied, given that the heterogeneity among included studies was small. Main Results: Five RCTs with 3,014 subjects were included. Subjects’ age ranged from 6 to 12 years, and the follow-up duration ranged from 9 to 36 months. Spherical equivalent error (SER) of the outdoor group was larger than that of the control group, and the pooled mean difference (MD) was 0.15 (95% CI 0.06–0.23) diopter (D). The change in SER of the outdoor group was smaller than that of the control group, with a pooled MD of 0.17 (95% CI 0.16–0.18) D. New myopia cases in the outdoor group were fewer than that of the control group, and the pooled risk ratio was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67–0.87). The change in axial length of the outdoor group was smaller than that of the control group, and the pooled MD was –0.03 (95% CI –0.03 to –0.03) mm. For all analyzed outcomes, there was no heterogeneity across included studies (I2 = 0%) and there was no publication bias either. Conclusion: Outdoor time helps slow down the change of axial length and reduce the risk of myopia.

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Rola aktywności zewnętrznej w rozwoju krótkowzroczności u dzieci w wieku szkolnym

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Prevalence of Myopia in Poland

The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Prevalence of Myopia in Poland

Role of Gender in the Prevalence of Myopia among Polish Schoolchildren

Significance of Outdoor Time for Myopia Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials

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