In grazing collisions of atoms and ions with monocrystalline surfaces, projectiles are scattered along defined trajectories, and electron emission therefore proceeds under well characterised conditions compared to large-angle impact on polycrystalline target surfaces. Total electron yields can be measured in coincidence with energy loss of scattered projectiles, down to 10 −4 electrons per projectile near the threshold for kinetic electron emission.In the present comment we demonstrate the recent experimental progress for grazing scattering of slow (>100 eV up to some keV per amu) atoms and multiply charged ions on metal (Au, Al) and insulator (LiF) surfaces. Observed kinetic and potential electron emission processes can be quantitatively explained in terms of simple model assumptions. These experiments are carried out in a practically non-destructive manner with intriguing aspects for novel surfaceanalytical applications. Physica Scripta 72 C Physica Scripta 2005 C Physica Scripta 2005 Physica Scripta 72