Near real-time detection, beam-forming, and telemetry of marine mammal acoustic data on a wave glider autonomous vehicle

Abstract

Impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine mammals are becoming increasingly important for regulatory and research study, yet assessing and mitigating these impacts is hindered by current technology: archival underwater acoustic recorders have their data analyzed months after the activity of interest, and towed hydrophone arrays suffer from nearby ship and seismic air gun noise. This work addresses these drawbacks by developing an acoustic data acquisition and transmission system for use with a Wave Glider, to provide near real-time data for marine mammal monitoring and mitigation. The goal of the system is to be capable of months of autonomous monitoring in areas that would otherwise not be surveyed, and to transmit acoustic data within minutes of acquisition to enable rapid mitigation. Sea tests have demonstrated the proof-of-concept with the system recording four channels of acoustic data and transmitting portions of those data via satellite. Ongoing work is integrating a detection-classification algorithm on-board the Wave Glider and a beam-forming algorithm in the shore-side user interface, to provide the user with a topographic view of the Wave Glider; a sound source direction estimate; and aural and visual review of the detected sounds.

A Review of the 2014 Gulf of Mexico Wave Glider® Field Program

“…Examples include monitoring algal blooms (Frolov et al, 2011), environmental satellite ground truthing (Villareal & Wilson, 2014), active and passive acoustics (Bingham et al, 2012;Meyer-Gutbrod et al, 2012), marine mammal monitoring (Cheyne et al, 2011(Cheyne et al, , 2013(Cheyne et al, , 2014Wiggins et al, 2010), carbon cycle studies (Willcox et al, 2009), geodesy (Chadwell, 2013;Ericksen et al, 2013;Penna et al, 2013), marine magnetics (Poedjono et al, 2014), hydrocarbon mapping (Vuorenkoski et al, 2013), and marine surveillance (Maguer et al, 2013). Examples include monitoring algal blooms (Frolov et al, 2011), environmental satellite ground truthing (Villareal & Wilson, 2014), active and passive acoustics (Bingham et al, 2012;Meyer-Gutbrod et al, 2012), marine mammal monitoring (Cheyne et al, 2011(Cheyne et al, , 2013(Cheyne et al, , 2014Wiggins et al, 2010), carbon cycle studies (Willcox et al, 2009), geodesy (Chadwell, 2013;Ericksen et al, 2013;Penna et al, 2013), marine magnetics (Poedjono et al, 2014), hydrocarbon mapping (Vuorenkoski et al, 2013), and marine surveillance (Maguer et al, 2013).…”

Analysis of Electromagnetic Field Characteristics of Wave Glider

“…The authors of [12][13][14][15] developed a low noise detection system for passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals by using a wave glider equipped with a low-power towed hydrophone array and an embedded digital signal processor. Reference [16] used a wave glider equipped with temperature and salinity depth sensors for observing surface water temperature and wave height in coastal locations with a flow velocity of approximately 0.5-1 m/s and a water depth of approximately 30-40 m.…”