Near‐Infrared Tandem Organic Photodiodes for Future Application in Artificial Retinal Implants

Simone, Giulio; Rasi, Dario Di Carlo; Vries, Xander de; Heintges, Gaël H. L.; Meskers, Stefan C. J.; Janssen, Raj René; Gelinck, Gerwin H.

doi:10.1002/adma.201804678

Cited by 72 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Just as in clinical electrodes, it is also desirable to control the chargetransfer mechanisms by photovoltaic substrates. So far, optically-active substrates using different conjugated polymer material systems such as poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5diyl (P3HT), P3HT: [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), poly(3-octylthiophene):poly{[N,N -bis(2octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1, 4, 5, 8-bis(dicarboximide)-2, 6-diyl]-alt-5,5 -(2,2 -bithiophene)} (P3OT:N2200), Poly{2, 2 -[(2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropy rrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl)dithiophene]-5,5 -diyl-alt-thio phen-2,5-diyl} (PDPP3T):PCBM, and P3HT:N2200 have been demonstrated for photostimulation [18][19][20][21][22][23]. In the previous reports, the control on Faradaic vs capacitive contributions is generally realized by varying the polymeric materials interfacing with cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Band Alignment Engineers Faradaic and Capacitive Photostimulation of Neurons Without Surface Modification

et al. 2019

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Photovoltaic substrates have attracted significant attention for neural photostimulation. The control of the Faradaic and capacitive (non-Faradaic) charge transfer mechanisms by these substrates are critical for safe and effective neural photostimulation. We demonstrate that the intermediate layer can directly control the strength of the capacitive and Faradaic processes under physiological conditions. To resolve the Faradaic and capacitive stimulations, we enhance photogenerated charge density levels by incorporating PbS quantum dots into a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):([6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) blend. This enhancement stems from the simultaneous increase of absorption, well matched band alignment of PbS quantum dots with P3HT:PCBM, and smaller intermixed phase-separated domains with better homogeneity and roughness of the blend. These improvements lead to the photostimulation of neurons at a low light intensity level of 1 mW cm −2 , which is within the retinal irradiance level. These findings open up an alternative approach toward superior neural prosthesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Band Alignment Engineers Faradaic and Capacitive Photostimulation of Neurons Without Surface Modification

et al. 2019

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“…In the scope of multichannel communication, high requirements in terms of spectral selectivity should be met in addition to a fabrication route compatible with future mobile and wearable devices based on lightweight and flexible electronics. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are particularly well suited for this purpose since the synthetic flexibility of the materials can be exploited to tailor a specific device figure of merit such as their spectral selectivity 5–10. Very recently, this energetic tunability allowed record efficiencies of 26% for indoor light harvesting to be reached 11.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Color‐Selective Printed Organic Photodiodes for Filterless Multichannel Visible Light Communication

et al. 2020

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Future lightweight, flexible, and wearable electronics will employ visible‐light‐communication schemes to interact within indoor environments. Organic photodiodes are particularly well suited for such technologies as they enable chemically tailored optoelectronic performance and fabrication by printing techniques on thin and flexible substrates. However, previous methods have failed to address versatile functionality regarding wavelength selectivity without increasing fabrication complexity. This work introduces a general solution for printing wavelength‐selective bulk‐heterojunction photodetectors through engineering of the ink formulation. Nonfullerene acceptors are incorporated in a transparent polymer donor matrix to narrow and tune the response in the visible range without optical filters or light‐management techniques. This approach effectively decouples the optical response from the viscoelastic ink properties, simplifying process development. A thorough morphological and spectroscopic investigation finds excellent charge‐carrier dynamics enabling state‐of‐the‐art responsivities >102 mA W−1 and cutoff frequencies >1.5 MHz. Finally, the color selectivity and high performance are demonstrated in a filterless visible‐light‐communication system capable of demultiplexing intermixed optical signals.

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“…Another possible application of polymer tandem cells was recently described by Simone et al The authors evaluated the potential of organic photodiodes (OPDs) sensitive to near‐infrared light for integration in a retinal prosthesis. These photodiodes are practically equivalent to tandem polymer solar cells, and they should be arranged in an array integrated in the retinal prosthesis.…”

Section: Use Of Multijunction Polymer Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concept of application of organic near‐infrared photodiodes for artificial retinal implant adopted by Simone et al, inspired by the work of Mathieson et al Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, The Authors.…”

Section: Use Of Multijunction Polymer Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Solution‐Processed Multijunction Organic Solar Cells

2018

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Single-junction solar cells are principally limited in performance by two factors (Figure 1a). Electrons excited by photons with energy higher than the bandgap relax to the band edges, releasing surplus energy as heat (thermalization loss). Photons with energy lower than the bandgap are not absorbed (transmission loss). These losses can be alleviated with two or more absorber layers. The first layer should feature a wide bandgap material to reduce the thermalization loss for high-energy photons. The second layer should have a lower bandgap to absorb the low-energy photons that pass the first layer. In such configuration a tandem cell provides less thermalization and less transmission losses than each of the corresponding single-junction cells. In the detailed-balance limit, a double-junction (tandem) cell can reach an efficiency of 42% and a triple-junction cell 49%. [6] To construct a tandem cell, the two complementary absorber layers must be stacked optically and electrically ( Figure 1b). The interconnecting layer (ICL) between the two subcells must pass light and sustain the photocurrent by providing an optically transparent electrical contact for recombination of electrons and holes from the adjacent photoactive layers. The Fermi level of the hole-transporting layer (HTL) and the electron-transporting layer (ETL) that jointly form the ICL must match the relevant highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels in the adjacent photoactive layers (Figure 1b). The ICL should not cause voltage losses and have low resistance. The open-circuit voltage (V OC ) of the tandem solar cell is ideally the sum of the V OC s of the subcells and the photocurrent is limited by the subcell generating less current. To overcome the intrinsic performance limits of single-junction cells, the subcells should absorb complementary regions of the solar spectrum and generate equal photocurrent.In the first organic tandem solar cells, materials were thermally evaporated. Initially only metal clusters were used to interconnect the subcells, [7][8][9] later complemented by p-and n-doped organic transport layers. [10,11] In 2007, the first fully solution-processed tandem polymer solar cells were reported by Gilot et al. [12] and Kim et al. [13] In both examples the ICL featured a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as HTL, stacked on top of either a zinc oxide or a titanium oxide layer as ETL. Kim et al. achieved a PCE of 6.5%. Since then PCEs have steadily increased. Major improvements involved the use of more efficient photoactive blends that afford a high V OC relative to their optical bandgap The efficiency of organic solar cells can benefit from multijunction device architectures, in which energy losses are substantially reduced. Herein, recent developments in the field of solution-processed multijunction organic solar cells are described. Recently, various strategies have been investigated and implemented to improve the performance of these device...

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Near‐Infrared Tandem Organic Photodiodes for Future Application in Artificial Retinal Implants

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

Band Alignment Engineers Faradaic and Capacitive Photostimulation of Neurons Without Surface Modification

Band Alignment Engineers Faradaic and Capacitive Photostimulation of Neurons Without Surface Modification

Color‐Selective Printed Organic Photodiodes for Filterless Multichannel Visible Light Communication

Advances in Solution‐Processed Multijunction Organic Solar Cells

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