Color‐Selective Printed Organic Photodiodes for Filterless Multichannel Visible Light Communication

Abstract

Future lightweight, flexible, and wearable electronics will employ visible‐light‐communication schemes to interact within indoor environments. Organic photodiodes are particularly well suited for such technologies as they enable chemically tailored optoelectronic performance and fabrication by printing techniques on thin and flexible substrates. However, previous methods have failed to address versatile functionality regarding wavelength selectivity without increasing fabrication complexity. This work introduces a general solution for printing wavelength‐selective bulk‐heterojunction photodetectors through engineering of the ink formulation. Nonfullerene acceptors are incorporated in a transparent polymer donor matrix to narrow and tune the response in the visible range without optical filters or light‐management techniques. This approach effectively decouples the optical response from the viscoelastic ink properties, simplifying process development. A thorough morphological and spectroscopic investigation finds excellent charge‐carrier dynamics enabling state‐of‐the‐art responsivities >102 mA W−1 and cutoff frequencies >1.5 MHz. Finally, the color selectivity and high performance are demonstrated in a filterless visible‐light‐communication system capable of demultiplexing intermixed optical signals.

Ultrathin Single‐Crystalline 2D Perovskite Photoconductor for High‐Performance Narrowband and Wide Linear Dynamic Range Photodetection

“…Such a 15 nm wide prominent narrowband photoresponse only possesses ≈4% of the visible light spectrum ( Figure S5, Supporting Information), which makes V-PEPI-PC very potential to be applied in filterless multi-wavelength image sensors, artificial retinas, wavelength division multiplexing VLC techniques, and other applications. [16][17][18][19] A series of current-voltage (I ds -V ds ) curves of V-PEPI-PC were measured in the dark and under 517 nm light illumination with a series of illumination intensities at a given +1 V bias, as shown in Figure 2e. The I ds -V ds curve in the dark shows a dark current of 1.1 × 10 −14 A (44 pA mm −2 ), which is ultralow and near the limitation of instruments.…”

The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications

“…OPDs employing NFAs such as IDFBR and ITIC have been used in combination with a transparent donor polymer (PIF) to demonstrate, for the first time, a multichannel visible light communication system based on a dual-color inkjet printed array, without the need of any optical filters. [232] From an engineering perspective, the responsivity of OPDs can be manipulated by employing micrometer thick active layers. [233] PCDTBT and DPP-DTT-based OPDs featured sub-100 nm full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) detection at 700 and 950 nm, respectively.…”

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

“…AM methods were also used to fabricate wearable organic solar cells for harvesting indoor light. [191,691,692] Yu et al applied inkjet printing to deposit water-based Ag nanoparticle inks and obtained transparent silver front electrode grids for polymer solar cells. [170] Zinc oxide, poly-3-hexylthiophene:phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM), and PEDOT:PSS were used as the electron transport layer, active layer, and the top electrode, respectively.…”