Near infrared mechanoluminescence from Sr₃Sn₂O₇: Nd³⁺for in situ biomechanical sensor and dynamic pressure mapping

Abstract

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a phenomenon upon external mechanical stimuli and it has found diverse applications such as stress sensing, structure health diagnosis, 3‐D signature, energy harvesting etc because of its unique properties of in situ and real‐time response to the stimuli. However, ML of most of the state‐of‐art phosphors primarily appears within the spectral range from ultraviolet to visible, which does not lie in the biological transparent windows, and, therefore, limits its applications in biological field. Here, we report a strong near infrared (NIR) ML from orthorhombic Cmcm perovskite Sr3Sn2O7: Nd3+, which is peaked at ~ 900 nm and located exactly within the first optical transparent window of tissues. The ML apparates after gradual discharge of the traps deeper than 0.73 eV triggered by the external mechanical stimuli and subsequently excitation of Nd3+ to the state of 4F3/2. The rechargable ML presents well repeatable linearity to loaded force at least up to 5000 N, and it can penetrate tissues easily that are thick up to 30 mm such as pigskin and the ceramic disk of hydroxy apatite which is the main constituent of bone. These results demonstrate the potential application for in situ biomechanical sensor. Meanwhile, by recording and processing these ML signals during signing on a pellet sample, for the first time, we provide a novel signature system based on NIR ML. This could raise the security level of existed signature anti‐countering to a higher level.

Visible to Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence and Mechanoluminescence from Pr3+‐Doped LiGa5O8 for Energy Storage and Bioimaging

“…However, when Li + ions are substituted by Pr 3+ ions, the PL spectra of all the as‐prepared samples present similar emission bands from 330 to 700 nm with emission band from host and five obvious sharp peaks at 495, 511, 621, 644, and 666 nm which correspond to the 3 P 1 → 3 H 4 , 3 P 0 → 3 H 4 , 1 D 2 → 3 H 4 , 3 P 0 → 3 H 6 , and 3 P 0 → 3 F 2 transitions of Pr 3+ ions, respectively . The PL intensities of host are obviously weakened while the Pr 3+ ‐doped samples do not show the optimal concentration for the strongest intensity, which may indicate complex energy transfer processes between host and Pr 3+ ions . Meanwhile, the integrated PLE intensity (235–280 nm) of Li 0.98 Ga 5 O 8 :0.02Pr 3+ is more than ten times than that of the host.…”

Near-infrared mechanoluminescence crystals: a review

“…To address this advantage, Xiong et al. have firstly developed an NIR signature system previously ( Xiong et al., 2019a ). A glass rod was used to “write” on the surface of an ML pellet, and the personal abundant information (e.g.…”

“…Afterward, by incorporating Nd 3+ ions into Sr 3 Sn 2 O 7 , Xiong et al. confirmed its NIR ML emission in 2019 ( Xiong et al., 2019a ). Under compressive load or friction, same NIR ML spectra (peaked at ∼900 nm) located within the first biowindow were observed.…”

“…2019 ( Xiong and Peng, 2019 ) Stannates Sr 3 Sn 2 O 7 Orthorhombic C mcm Sr 3+ (9, 1.310) Nd 3+ Pork, HAP Mar. 2019 ( Xiong et al., 2019a ) Sr 3 Sn 2 O 7 Orthorhombic A 2 1 am Sr 3+ (9, 1.310) Nd 3+ Pork, chicken May 2020 ( Tu et al., 2020 ) …”

Process parameter sensitivity investigation on the reaction crystallization production of K2SO4 with salt lake leonite ore

“…XRD is a widely used method for resolving the material structure. 32,33 As shown in Fig. 1 Further quantitative analysis was conducted to determine the composition of the raw ore and the results are presented in Table 1.…”