Near Infrared Light Triggered Photo/Immuno-Therapy Toward Cancers

Abstract

Nanomaterials-based phototherapies, mainly including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoimmunotherapy (PIT), present high efficacy, minimal invasion and negligible adverse effects in cancer treatment. The integrated phototherapeutic modalities can enhance the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy for clinical application transformation. The near-infrared (NIR) light source enables phototherapies with the high penetration depth in the biological tissues, less toxic to normal cells and tissues and a low dose of light irradiation. Mediated via the novel NIRresponsive nanomaterials, PTT and PDT are able to provoke cancer cells apoptosis from the generated heat and reactive oxygen species, respectively. The released cancerspecific antigens and membrane damage danger signals from the damaged cancer cells trigger immune responses, which would enhance the antitumor efficacy via a variety of immunotherapy. This review summarized the recent advances in NIR-triggered photo-/immune-therapeutic modalities and their synergistic mechanisms and applications toward cancers. Furthermore, the challenges, potential solutions and future directions of NIR-triggered photo-/immunotherapy were briefly discussed.

Cancer photo-immunotherapy: from bench to bedside

“…PTT with this nanoconstruct eliminated primary 4T1 breast tumors and triggered infiltration of CTLs into distant tumors 27 . Many novel synergized nanosystems have been designed using similar strategies for cancer therapy 52 .…”

Recent Developments on Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles as Smart Photo-Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Treatments—A Review

“…One of the great advantages of phototherapy is that it can effectively kill tumor cells while inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) to kick off a systemic antitumor immune responses by redistributing and activating immune effector cells, cytokines and memory T lymphocytes transformation [ 109 ]. Both PTT and PDT therapeutic strategies have been combined with immunotherapy for better efficacy [ 110 ]. Even though there have been various NPs based on inorganic/inorganic and their composites [ 111 ], little is known for SPN based systems.…”

Epigenetic Regulation and Nonepigenetic Mechanisms of Ferroptosis Drive Emerging Nanotherapeutics in Tumor

“…Optical therapy based on nanomaterials, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photochemotherapy [ 84 ]. Nanoplatforms mainly include metal nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, especially organic nanomaterials (for biosafety).…”